小微企業(yè)融資問題研究

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摘 要
在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)中，小微企業(yè)占據(jù)了一方重要的地位。小微企業(yè)雖然個(gè)體微小，但其數(shù)量龐大，在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮著無可代替的作用，能夠提高就業(yè)率、改善民生、增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)活性、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等。
2008年發(fā)生金融危機(jī)之后，我國處于發(fā)展時(shí)期的中小微型企業(yè)其生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況一直不景氣。尤其是在2011年，小微企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方面出現(xiàn)了惡化的跡象,步履之艱甚至超過08年金融危機(jī)時(shí)期。小微企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)不順，融資困難，不僅阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，而且對(duì)就業(yè)政策的實(shí)施產(chǎn)生了負(fù)影響，更是破壞了社會(huì)的和諧與穩(wěn)定。
在2013年剛剛結(jié)束的“兩會(huì)”期間，與會(huì)代表們也強(qiáng)烈呼吁解決小微企業(yè)融資障礙。本文研究是以這樣的背景提出，研究的目標(biāo)是則通過對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資方式和問題的深入分析，探索降低和解決小微企業(yè)融資障礙的方法，為解決小微企業(yè)融資難題提供理論依據(jù)和借鑒。解決小微企業(yè)融資難必須解決好政府扶持與市場(chǎng)原則之間的關(guān)系，并和諧銀企關(guān)系。本文最后對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資進(jìn)行了一定程度上的創(chuàng)新探索，期于小微企業(yè)能夠更好的發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：小微企業(yè) 融資問題 對(duì)策 創(chuàng)新
ABSTRACT

Small and micro-sized enterprises have an important role in China's special economic society. In spite of the small scale of them, a large number of small and micro-sized enterprises increase employment, create an active market, improve people's livelihood, promote economic restructuring.
Since the 2008 financial crisis, China's small and medium micro enterprises has been in a depressed state of production and operation. Especially in the previous year , the production and operation of small and medium micro enterprises signs of deterioration , the difficulty walking more than 2008 financial crisis . Small micro-enterprises operating encounter difficulties financing , not only impede economic growth and employment as a threat to the plan , social harmony and stability .
During the just-concluded 2013 "two sessions", delegates also strongly appeal to small and micro enterprises to solve the financing obstacles. This paper put forward in such a context , the goal is to research through in-depth analysis of the behavior of small and micro enterprises and external financing environment , explore and resolve to reduce barriers to small micro-enterprise financing methods for solving the financing problems of small and micro enterprises to provide a theoretical basis and reference . Solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises must address the relationship between government support and market principles, and small and micro enterprises balanced social and economic functions. Commercial banks should be qualitatively specific situation of small and micro enterprises, according to the nature of the identified financing and channels. Finally, the financing of small and micro enterprises were innovative exploration to a certain extent, the period in small and micro enterprises to better development.

Key words： small and micro-sized enterprise, financial problems, countermeasures, Innovation


目 錄
引 言 - 1 -
1小微企業(yè)融資概要 - 1 -
1.1 小微企業(yè)概述 - 1 -
1.2小微企業(yè)融資概述 - 2 -
2小微企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題 - 3 -
2.1小微企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀 - 3 -
2.2小微企業(yè)融資過程中所產(chǎn)生的一系列問題 - 5 -
2.2.1內(nèi)部融資不足 - 5 -
2.2.2資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難 - 5 -
2.2.3融資門檻過高 - 5 -
2.2.4渠道狹窄，方式單一 - 5 -
2.2.5成本高，費(fèi)用雜 - 5 -
3 小微企業(yè)融資問題成因分析 - 7 -
3.1融資服務(wù)體系不健全 - 7 -
3.2 融資待遇不公 - 7 -
3.3 政府財(cái)政支持力度不夠 - 8 -
3.4銀行高息“惜貸” - 8 -
3.5信息不對(duì)稱 - 8 -
4 應(yīng)對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資困境的對(duì)策 - 9 -
4.1加大政府重視力度 - 9 -
4.2加快法律法規(guī)建設(shè) - 9 -
4.3拓寬融資渠道 - 9 -
4.4完善信用擔(dān)保體系 - 10 -
4.5大力推動(dòng)小微企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí) - 10 -
4.6提高企業(yè)信用，建立和諧銀企關(guān)系 - 10 -
5 我國小微企業(yè)融資國際借鑒 - 11 -
5.1各國小微企業(yè)融資特點(diǎn) - 11 -
5.1.1美國融資特點(diǎn) - 11 -
5.1.2德國融資特點(diǎn) - 12 -
5.1.3日本融資特點(diǎn) - 12 -
5.1.4意大利融資特點(diǎn) - 13 -
5.2小微企業(yè)融資國外借鑒和創(chuàng)新 - 13 -
5.2.1國外融資模式借鑒和啟發(fā) - 13 -
5.2.2我國小微企業(yè)融資的創(chuàng)新 - 13 -
結(jié) 束 語 - 13 -
參考文獻(xiàn) - 15 -
致謝 - 17 -