聯(lián)機車間工件計數(shù)系統(tǒng)


頁數(shù)：46 字數(shù)：18592

摘要
21世紀光電子技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)和計算機的發(fā)展，帶來了許多學科的革命。在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和物流過程中，提供準確的原材料或成品的數(shù)量是比較關(guān)鍵的問題，尤其是對大批量的小件產(chǎn)品的計數(shù)。由于在許多生產(chǎn)場所，物品是通過傳送帶傳送的，本文介紹了一種利用單片機對產(chǎn)品數(shù)目自動計數(shù)的方法，論述了計數(shù)系統(tǒng)的硬件構(gòu)成與軟件設(shè)計。本文參閱國內(nèi)外的一些先進檢測技術(shù)，基于現(xiàn)代光電檢測技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)，用發(fā)光二極管、光敏三極管與單片機設(shè)計一個車間工件計數(shù)系統(tǒng)。當有工件通過時光被遮擋住，光敏三極管截止使單片機計數(shù)器產(chǎn)生下降沿，單片機對此信號進行計數(shù)即為工件數(shù)，解決了小工件計數(shù)的難點。該系統(tǒng)計數(shù)準確、檢測速度快，實用性強。
目前,PC 機已廣泛應用于各領(lǐng)域,PC 機與單片機按一定的方式結(jié)合,構(gòu)成分布式微機系統(tǒng)則是智能化實時控制的技術(shù)核心 ,它在機器人、生產(chǎn)流水線、大型自動化裝置中有著越來越多的應用。本系統(tǒng)由PC機作為上層主機 ,進行協(xié)調(diào)、調(diào)度、發(fā)布操作命令 ,從而控制分布于不同控制點的下層從機。主機向從機發(fā)指令或數(shù)據(jù) ,從機除實時控制不同地點的對象外 ,也可向主機發(fā)回數(shù)據(jù)。串行通信因連線少、成本低、又有調(diào)制/解調(diào)功能而特別適合距離較遠、通信點多的場合。本文中廠長辦公室的PC機通過串行接口與單片機相連，每天定時與各單片機通信一次以便了解各車間生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量。該部分設(shè)計使用高級語Borland C++ Builder 提供的ComPort控件實現(xiàn)實時高可靠性、高效率的串行通信。
關(guān)鍵詞：串行通信 單片機 計數(shù)
Abstract
With the development of photoelectron technology, electronic technology and the computer in the 21st century, many subjects have developed into a new stage. In modern industry produce and the logistics process, quantity that provides the accurate and original material or finished products is the key, particularly to product large quantity measure of scaling. While in many places, the product is to pass to deliver on the transmission band . This design made use of a single-chip computer to introduce a kind of the product number auto-count of method, and discussed the hardware composing and software designs of the scaling system. This text draws some lessons of detect at home and abroad, combining with modern photoelectron technology, micro-electronics technique and the computer, design a scaling of a work of car system with photodiode, the phototransisitor and a single-chip computer. When a work piece passes through the light area the light will be blocked by the work piece and the photoelectric tube will emit a pulse signal, the counting for the passing work piece just is the work piece number, thus solving the difficulty in counting for small work piece. The instrument has the advantages of precision counting, fast detection speed and strong practicability.
Currently, the PC is been already extensive to apply in each realm. PC and a single-chip computer press certain mode to combine, then constitute the rayleing distribution rayleigh on the decline machine system. The intelligence turns the technique nucleus of the real time control. It has more and more applications in robot, produce pipeline, large automation equip. The system make the PC as the upper level host, carrying on the coordination, scheduling and releasing the crayleigh in the bottom layer of different control point from the machine. Host to deliver the command or data from the machine, from the machine in addition to the object of the real time control different location, also can send back the data toward host. The special in keeping with distance of the string row communication is farther because the on-line is little, the cost is low, and it has the modulation/ demodulation function again, the multi-dot communication situation. The PC of managers office connects with each other through the serial communication interface and a single-chip computer in the thesis, correspond by letter with a machine once while settling everyday in order to understand a product quantity for produce of each car.
Key words: Serial communication Single-chip Computer ComPort
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 V
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題的意義 1
1.2 課題的主要工作 1
1.2.1 計數(shù)部分軟硬件設(shè)計 1
1.2.2 串行通信部分軟硬件設(shè)計 2
第二章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計及相關(guān)理論 3
2.1 基礎(chǔ)理論簡介 3
2.1.1 單片機計數(shù)系統(tǒng)理論基礎(chǔ) 3
2.1.2 利用光電檢測原理計數(shù) 7
2.1.3 單片機與PC機串行通信原理 8
2.2 系統(tǒng)總體方案及工作過程 14
2.2.1 硬件電路的整體方案以及硬件框圖 14
2.2.2 系統(tǒng)工作過程 15
第三章 下位機軟硬件設(shè)計 16
3.1 下位機硬件設(shè)計 16
3.1.1 計數(shù)部分硬件示意圖及框圖 16
3.1.2 PC 機與多個單片機通信的硬件設(shè)計 18
3.2 下位機軟件設(shè)計 21
3.2.1 下位機主程序設(shè)計及流程 21
3.2.2 中斷服務程序設(shè)計及流程 23
第四章