論我國犯罪構(gòu)成的基本構(gòu)造
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目 錄
摘要…………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………… Ⅳ
引言…………………………………………………………………………… 1
一、犯罪構(gòu)成理論的沿革及我國犯罪構(gòu)成理論的現(xiàn)狀………… 1
（一）犯罪構(gòu)成理論的沿革……………………………………………… 1
1．大陸法系…………………………………………………………………… 1
2．前蘇聯(lián)理論………………………………………………………………… 2
3．英美法系…………………………………………………………………… 2
（二）我國犯罪構(gòu)成理論與評析……………………………………… 2
1．現(xiàn)狀…………………………………………………………………………… 2
2．對各犯罪理論的評析………………………………………………………… 3
二、我國犯罪構(gòu)成理論存在的缺陷和不足……………………… 3
（一）犯罪構(gòu)成的概念界定混亂………………………………………… 4
1．與犯罪概念的矛盾…………………………………………………………… 4
2．與正當化事由選擇要件的矛盾……………………………………………… 4
（二）我國犯罪構(gòu)成要件中主體要件的缺陷…………………………… 5
1．邏輯順序顛倒…………………………………………………………………… 5
2．與實務(wù)不相符合……………………………………………………………… 5
（三）我國犯罪構(gòu)成要件中客體要件的缺陷…………………………… 6
1．犯罪客體不是構(gòu)成要件…………………………………………………… 6
2．犯罪客體不宜定義為社會關(guān)系…………………………………………… 6
三、完善我國犯罪構(gòu)成理論的設(shè)想……………………………… 7
（一）構(gòu)成要件的符合性………………………………………………… 8
（二）違法性……………………………………………………………… 9
（三）有責性……………………………………………………………… 9
結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………………… 11
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………… 12
致謝……………………………………………………………………………… 13



摘要
有刑法理論核心地位的犯罪構(gòu)成理論，經(jīng)過數(shù)百年的發(fā)展，逐步形成了大陸法系遞進式犯罪構(gòu)成理論體系、英美法系合法抗辯犯罪構(gòu)成理論以及蘇俄耦合式犯罪構(gòu)成理論三大犯罪構(gòu)成理論體系。我國的犯罪構(gòu)成理論是繼承了前蘇聯(lián)的理論，隨著刑法理論的發(fā)展和社會的進步，傳統(tǒng)四要件犯罪構(gòu)成理論的弊端日益顯露，四個要件都不同程度存在一系列的缺陷，甚至有些是自身無法克服的矛盾。為此眾多我國學者對傳統(tǒng)四要件理論進行了系統(tǒng)的研究和批判，并提出了自己寶貴的犯罪構(gòu)成理論，主要有二要件說、三要件說、四要件說、五要件說等犯罪構(gòu)成理論，雖然這些理論觀點從不同角度對傳統(tǒng)四要件犯罪構(gòu)成理論做出了批判和修正，但總體上沒實質(zhì)性的突破，大多存在形式化傾向，僅僅是對傳統(tǒng)理論四要件的重新排列、合并、組合而已。實踐證明，僅對傳統(tǒng)四要件犯罪構(gòu)成理論進行修整，我們很難走出犯罪構(gòu)成理論的研究困境，大陸法系的遞進式犯罪構(gòu)成理論體系經(jīng)過幾百年的發(fā)展已比較完備，我們應(yīng)當大膽地借鑒其理論成果，并結(jié)合我國的實際情況，走出一條適合我國的犯罪構(gòu)成之路。這一設(shè)想由三個層次構(gòu)成，即構(gòu)成要的符合性、違法性和有責性。三個要件上呈現(xiàn)出一種層層遞進的邏輯進程。其中，構(gòu)成要件該當性是一種事實判斷，它不以法律判斷與責任判斷為前提，是先于后兩種的判斷。事實判斷不成立，自然就無所謂法律判斷與責任判斷。只有在事實判斷的基礎(chǔ)上才能繼續(xù)展開法律判斷和責任判斷，三要件之間的關(guān)系十分明晰。三要件的遞進過程也就是犯罪的認定過程，三要件之間的位階固定，反映了定罪的司法邏輯。同時三要件具備各自的功能，構(gòu)成要件該當性作為一種事實判斷，為犯罪認定確定一個基本的事實范圍；違法性作為一種法律判斷，將違法阻卻事由排除在犯罪之外；有責性作為一種責任判斷，解決行為的可歸責問題。三要件功能不可替代，缺一不可。這種嚴密的邏輯性和實用性正是我國犯罪構(gòu)成理論所需要的。
關(guān)鍵詞：犯罪客體 犯罪主體 構(gòu)成要件的符合性 違法性 有責性





The basic structure of constitutive elements in our country
Abstract
The constitutive elements is the core of the criminal law theory , after several hundred years of development,gradually formed a series of theoretical systems. Our theory is a succession of the former Soviet Union's theory. With the development of theory of criminal law and progressment social , the traditional four elements constitute increasingly exposed the shortcomings of the four elements , there are series of defects, and even some contradictions can not overcome . For this reason many Chinese scholars on the traditional theory of the four elements of the system's research and criticism, and put forward their own theories constitute a valuable crime,such as the two elements theory , the three elements theory ,the four elements theory ,the five elements theory and so on, Although these theories and viewpoints made a critical and amendment from different angles on the four traditional elements of a crime, but not substantive breakthrough, only re-arranged, merger and combination . Practice has proved that only carring out rectification to the four traditional elements of a crime is difficult to go out of the theoretical study plight . the progressive civil-crime pose a theoretical system through several hundred years of development has been relatively complete, we should boldly reference its theoretical results, combine with China's actual situation, and find out of a suitable form . The idea posed by the three levels,as confkrmity of constitutive elements, illegality and liability.The three elements shows a progressive layers of the logic of the process. Among them, confkrmity of constitutive elements is a fact that judgement, it is not a illegality judgement and liability to judge the premise. That judgement is not, naturally does not matter the illegality judgement and liability judgement. Only the facts can be judged on the basis of continued illegality and liability of judgement, the relationship is very clear between the three elements. the process of the three elements also creates the process of recognition of crime, the three elements of the fixed-band, reflects the conviction of the judicial logic. At the same time three elements have their respective functions, confkrmity of constitutive elements as a judgement of fact, a crime that determine a basic fact that the illegality as a legal judgement, will be excluded from the law negates the subject of crime; has the liability act a judgement of responsibility, to resolve the issue of attribution can be. Elements of the three functions can not be replaced. This rigorous logic and practicality of a crime is our required.
Key words: the Object of Crime，the Subject of Crime，Confkrmity of Constitutive Elements，Illegality，Liability



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