美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的外交權(quán)淺議
1萬(wàn)多字

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摘 要
美國(guó)作為當(dāng)今世界惟一的超級(jí)大國(guó)，無(wú)論在政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等領(lǐng)域都處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位。因此美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的變化對(duì)于全球國(guó)際環(huán)境具有深遠(yuǎn)的影響，不了解美國(guó)的外交政策也就無(wú)法真正把握國(guó)際局勢(shì)。作為中國(guó)外交關(guān)系的重要組成部分，中美關(guān)系正在不斷加深，了解和熟悉美國(guó)外交政策的決策機(jī)制，對(duì)于中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展也具有重要意義。而在美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的決策機(jī)制中，除行政部門之外，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)也是一個(gè)不可忽視的角色。認(rèn)清美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)在外交政策中的作用及活動(dòng)方式等方面非常重要。本文從美國(guó)外交決策機(jī)制中的國(guó)會(huì)、美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)外交權(quán)的實(shí)施途徑以及制約因素和影響國(guó)會(huì)外交政策立場(chǎng)的因素三方面分析美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)怎么在美國(guó)對(duì)外關(guān)系領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮作用。

關(guān)鍵詞：美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)，外交權(quán)，實(shí)施途徑，制約因素，影響因素。


Discusses United States Congress's diplomatic authority shallowly
Abstract

The US takes now the world only superpower, regardless in domains and so on politics, military, economy, culture has the advantage the status. Therefore the American foreign policy's change has the profound influence regarding the global international environment, did not understand that US's foreign policy is also unable the true assurance international situation. As China foreign relations' important component, the Sino-US relations are deepening unceasingly, understand and are familiar with the US foreign policy the decision-making mechanism, also has the important meaning regarding Sino-US relations' development. But in the American foreign policy's decision-making mechanism, except the Administrative department outside, the United States Congress is also a noticeable role. Clearly recognized that aspects and so on United States Congress's in foreign policy function and active way is important. This article the implementation way which as well as the restriction factor from outside American diplomacy decision-making mechanism's Congress, the United States Congress transfers power and affect the Congress foreign policy standpoint the factor three aspects to analyze the United States Congress how in the American foreign relations domain display function.

Key word: The United States Congress, diplomatic authority, the implementation way, the restriction factor, the influencing factor.


目 錄
摘 要……………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
引 言 ……………………………………………………………………1
一、美國(guó)外交決策機(jī)制中的國(guó)會(huì)…………………………………………2
（一）美國(guó)三權(quán)分立模式在外交權(quán)上的體現(xiàn)…………………………………2
（二）國(guó)會(huì)外交權(quán)的憲法基礎(chǔ)…………………………………………………2
（三）國(guó)會(huì)在外交領(lǐng)域的崛起…………………………………………………3
二、國(guó)會(huì)外交權(quán)的實(shí)施途徑以及制約因素………………………………5
（一）正式的渠道………………………………………………………………5
1、立法權(quán)………………………………………………………………………………………5
2、對(duì)行政部門的監(jiān)督權(quán)………………………………………………………………………6
（二）非正式的渠道……………………………………………………………6
1、撥款權(quán)………………………………………………………………………………………6
2、通過決議案…………………………………………………………………………………7
3、國(guó)會(huì)通過組織或者個(gè)人直接參與…………………………………………………………8
4、通過影響公眾，繼而影響社會(huì)輿論向政府施壓…………………………………………8
（三）制約國(guó)會(huì)外交權(quán)的因素…………………………………………………9
1、國(guó)會(huì)的自身特點(diǎn)……………………………………………………………………………9
2、信息的局限性………………………………………………………………………………9
3、總統(tǒng)的“否決權(quán)”…………………………………………………………………………9
4、行政部門造成的即成事實(shí) ………………………………………………………………10
三、影響國(guó)會(huì)外交政策立場(chǎng)的因素 ……………………………………11
（一）選區(qū)利益………………………………………………………………11
（二）黨派利益………………………………………………………………11
（三）利益集團(tuán)………………………………………………………………11
結(jié) 語(yǔ)……………………………………………………………………13
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………14
致 謝……………………………………………………………………15