論英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體理論和制度模式
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目 錄
摘 要 ……………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
引 言 …………………………………………………………………1
一、英國(guó)議會(huì)制的起源及歷史發(fā)展 ……………………………………2
（一）英國(guó)議會(huì)制的起源……………………………………………………2
1.英國(guó)議會(huì)的起源………………………………………………………………………2
2.英國(guó)的議會(huì)制…………………………………………………………………………2
（二）英國(guó)議會(huì)制的歷史發(fā)展………………………………………………3
1.英國(guó)議會(huì)制中兩院的分離……………………………………………………………3
2.英國(guó)議會(huì)制中權(quán)力的轉(zhuǎn)移……………………………………………………………3
二、支撐英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體的理論基礎(chǔ) ……………………………………4
（一）人民主權(quán)原則…………………………………………………………4
1.人民主權(quán)是英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)……………………………………………4
2.人民主權(quán)是英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體的根本指導(dǎo)思想………………………………………4
3.議會(huì)受制于人民的約束………………………………………………………………4
（二）法治原則………………………………………………………………5
1.英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體的法治原則就是在法律的范圍之內(nèi)的統(tǒng)治……………………5
2.英國(guó)的法治有著獨(dú)特的“柔性憲法”…………………………………………5
3.英國(guó)議會(huì)的立法權(quán)是國(guó)家最高權(quán)力……………………………………………6
（三）分權(quán)制衡原則 ………………………………………………………6
1.英國(guó)的議會(huì)制政體實(shí)行立法權(quán)與行政權(quán)的分立……………………………………6
2.分權(quán)中突出立法權(quán)的首要地位………………………………………………………6
3.對(duì)議會(huì)立法權(quán)和行政權(quán)的制約………………………………………………………7
三、英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體的制度模式 ………………………………………8
（一）上議院與下議院的權(quán)力關(guān)系…………………………………………8
1.下議院權(quán)力的擴(kuò)大……………………………………………………………………8
2.權(quán)力有限的上議院……………………………………………………………………8
3.上議院對(duì)下議院的權(quán)力制約…………………………………………………………9
（二）英王與兩院的權(quán)力關(guān)系………………………………………………9
1.英王和兩院共同構(gòu)成英國(guó)的議會(huì)……………………………………………………9
2.英王握有象征性的權(quán)力………………………………………………………………9
3.英王的權(quán)力對(duì)兩院不能形成有效的制衡 …………………………………………10
（三）下議院與內(nèi)閣的權(quán)力關(guān)系 …………………………………………10
1.內(nèi)閣的權(quán)力來(lái)源于議會(huì)下院 ………………………………………………………10
2.內(nèi)閣接受議會(huì)下議院的監(jiān)督 ………………………………………………………11
3.內(nèi)閣控制下議院的議案提出權(quán) ……………………………………………………11
（四）議會(huì)與政黨的權(quán)力關(guān)系………………………………………………11
1.英國(guó)議會(huì)制中政治權(quán)力表現(xiàn)就是兩黨輪流控制政府權(quán)力 ………………………12
2.英國(guó)議會(huì)制是政黨權(quán)力爭(zhēng)奪的舞臺(tái) ………………………………………………12
3.人民通過(guò)參加政黨實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)議會(huì)權(quán)力的監(jiān)督 ………………………………………12
結(jié) 論 ……………………………………………………………………13
參考文獻(xiàn) …………………………………………………………………14
致 謝………………………………………………………………………15


摘 要
英國(guó)議會(huì)被稱為“議會(huì)之母”，具有悠久的歷史。它是英國(guó)政權(quán)組織的代議機(jī)構(gòu)，是英國(guó)最高的權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)和立法機(jī)構(gòu)。英國(guó)的議會(huì)制政體是由君主或稱英王,貴族院也叫上議院，與平名院也叫下議院的組合體。歷經(jīng)七百多年的歷史，英國(guó)的議會(huì)制政體是受人民主權(quán)原則、法治原則、分權(quán)制衡原則所支撐的。雖然英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體的權(quán)力重心幾經(jīng)變化和更迭，但是在三大原則的指導(dǎo)下，議會(huì)制度的權(quán)力能夠有效地進(jìn)行漸進(jìn)式的過(guò)渡和轉(zhuǎn)移，使英國(guó)的議會(huì)制政體能夠平穩(wěn)地運(yùn)行。在議會(huì)制內(nèi)，英王、上議院和下議院能夠彼此牽制和影響形成一個(gè)政治的共同體；在議會(huì)制外，政黨和內(nèi)閣熔和了議會(huì)的權(quán)力形成了一個(gè)合力的制度模式。因此，英國(guó)議會(huì)制政體具有整體性和穩(wěn)固性。
關(guān)鍵詞：議會(huì)制政體 歷史發(fā)展 理論基礎(chǔ) 制度模式


The study about the theory and system pattern of
The British Parliamentary regime
Abstract
The British Parliament which is called “mother of the parliamentary” has long history. As the form of the British regime there is no legislation and apartment’s power could surpass it. The Parliamentary system regime of the British consists of the king, House of Lords, House of Commons .it is based upon three principles: people own sovereignty, rule by law, separation of powers principle of checks and balances. During more than 700 years, although its centre of the power had been changed and replaced several times. Under the three principles, he power of the Parliamentary was transited so effectively and gradually that this regime could work steadily. The King , upper House and the lower House constitute a political community in the system holding down and affecting each other .out of it ,parties and cabinet together with the parliament’s power, forms a united system pattern , because of these factors, the British Parliamentary has integrity and steady characteristics.

Keywords ：Parliament..