高速電主軸的性能評(píng)價(jià)及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

高速加工能顯著地提高生產(chǎn)率、降低生產(chǎn)成本和提高產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量，是制造業(yè)發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)，也是一項(xiàng)非常有前景的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)。實(shí)現(xiàn)高速加工的首要條件是高質(zhì)量的高速機(jī)床,而高速機(jī)床的核心部件是高速電主軸單元，它實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)床的“零傳動(dòng)”，簡(jiǎn)化了結(jié)構(gòu)，提高了機(jī)床的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度，是一種新型的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)形式，其性能好壞在很大程度上決定了整臺(tái)機(jī)床的加工精度和生產(chǎn)效率。本文對(duì)高速電主軸的動(dòng)態(tài)性能進(jìn)行了研究，主要做了以下幾個(gè)方面的工作：
介紹了電主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及工作原理，基于傳遞矩陣法對(duì)高速電主軸進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，并利用傳遞矩陣法將其簡(jiǎn)化并進(jìn)行分段建模，對(duì)軸系中典型單元的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)描述；針對(duì)電主軸結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊性，修改了簡(jiǎn)化模型中部分典型單元的狀態(tài)向量，得到電主軸的傳遞矩陣方程即軸系的頻率方程；以60000 r/min電主軸為例，描述了用修改后的傳遞矩陣方程對(duì)其進(jìn)行求解的計(jì)算過程，得到了該電主軸的固有頻率及振型；并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了自由模態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)，提取該電主軸的模態(tài)參數(shù)（固有頻率、阻尼和振型）；實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與傳遞矩陣法的計(jì)算結(jié)果基本吻合。
針對(duì)高速電主軸高轉(zhuǎn)速難加載的問題，提出了將電主軸作為測(cè)功機(jī)的核心電機(jī)對(duì)測(cè)功機(jī)進(jìn)行改造，并用其對(duì)被測(cè)電主軸進(jìn)行加載實(shí)驗(yàn)的方案。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)速的不同，分別給出了兩種不同的動(dòng)態(tài)加載測(cè)試方案。詳細(xì)描述了對(duì)拖式加載方法的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成和加載原理，該系統(tǒng)不但可以完成對(duì)電主軸的加載，還可以測(cè)出加載過程中電主軸的基本參數(shù)并繪制相應(yīng)的特性曲線，使電主軸在不同工作點(diǎn)的狀態(tài)一目了然。并應(yīng)用該系統(tǒng)對(duì)15 000 r/min的電主軸進(jìn)行加載實(shí)驗(yàn)，測(cè)出電主軸的各輸入電參數(shù)，并描繪特性曲線，解決了高速電主軸無(wú)法進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確加載實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題。


關(guān)鍵詞：高速電主軸，傳遞矩陣，動(dòng)力學(xué)，實(shí)驗(yàn)



ABSTRACT

High speed machining (HSM) has become the mainstream of manufacturing for drastically increasing productivity, reducing production costs and improving the product quality. HSM is also a promising advanced manufacturing technology. In the realization of HSM, machine tool generally plays an all-important role and high speed motorized spindle is the key technology for a machine tool. The machine tool equipped with high speed motorized spindle has characteristic of the zero-transmission and simplified of the machine structure. With use of new mechanical structure, the high speed motorized spindle has much better dynamic performance in response to the high demands in this machine. In general, overall performance of high speed machine in terms of the machining precision and productivity is largely dependent upon the performance of the equipped high speed motorized spindle.The dynamic analysis and experiment on high speed motorized spindle are researched. The major contribution of the work is summarized as followings.
The structure and principle of the high speed motorized spindle is introduced. The dynamic analysis is carried out on high speed motorized spindle with use of the transfer matrix method, which includes the structure simplification and modeling segmentation. Typical elements’ states of the shafting are describled by mathematical method. For the special structure of the high speed motoried spindle, some state vectors of typical elements in the simplified model are modified. Then transfer matrix model of the high speed motorized spindle ,which is also the frequency model of the shafting ,is derived. As a case study , the natural frequency and critical speed of high speed motorized spindle with 60000 rpm are calculated by the modified model.. Meantime a free mode experiment is carried out under the 6000 rpm high speed motorized spindle in order to acquire the modal parameters,such as natural frequency, damp and mode shape. The experimental results exhibited that modal parameters from the test are matched with the theory calculation .
Loading and measuring the load applied on a high speed motorized spindle in the non-machining state is an important issue in performance eva luation of high speed motorized spindle. A new method is developed through modifying a dynamometer to make the loading possible in the experiment. According to the different rotating speed, two types of dynamic loading test ways which are the inter-drag method and the non-contact method are proposed. The structure and principle of the inter-drag loading method are described in detail. The system can not only load to the high speed motorized spindle, but also measure basic parameters of the high speed motorized spindle and present the corresponding curves which make it visible for states of the high speed motorized spindle at different working points. The inter-drag loading system is applied in experiment on the high speed motorized spindle in which the highest rotating speed is 15 000 rpm. The characteristic curve of this high speed motorized spindle is depicted. Analyzing and dealing with the test data, the inherent characteristic and existent problem of the motorized spindle are gained. Proposed method makes it possible to accurately loading on a high speed motorized spindle


Keywords: High speed motorized spindle, Transfer Matrix, Dynamics, Experiment

目錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1緒論 1
1.1引言 1
1.2本課題研究的背景意義 1
1.2..