同時(shí)確定清單和應(yīng)收賬款[外文翻譯]
中文：6079字
英文：24198字

同時(shí)確定清單和應(yīng)收賬款
DR. AYUB MEHAR
巴基斯坦卡拉奇管理科學(xué)研究所的業(yè)務(wù)和技術(shù)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)

摘要： 這項(xiàng)研究提出了關(guān)于3375個(gè)從工業(yè)企業(yè)的意見為基礎(chǔ)的模型，巴基斯坦和三階段最小二乘法（3SLS）技術(shù)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用為估計(jì)。結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量（經(jīng)濟(jì)批量）存貨是不是一個(gè)常量大小，它是密切相關(guān)的變量“時(shí)間趨勢(shì)”。而“存貨”元素都可以通過(guò)估計(jì)常數(shù)項(xiàng)的方程。客戶應(yīng)收賬款顯示為1個(gè)負(fù)相關(guān)性與流動(dòng)性資產(chǎn)和生產(chǎn)成本。應(yīng)收賬款也作為替代行為表現(xiàn)為期末庫(kù)存。

一．引言
周轉(zhuǎn)資金的管理是一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域的財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)劃和控制。 這種廣泛的領(lǐng)域涵蓋的管理和控制的現(xiàn)金和銀行交易，短期投資，應(yīng)收款債務(wù)人，信用分析、庫(kù)存和流動(dòng)負(fù)債。庫(kù)存和應(yīng)收賬款是兩個(gè)重要組成部分的現(xiàn)有資產(chǎn)。在其工作的成本會(huì)計(jì)墊、咖哩、坦率和汗(1982)估計(jì)存貨，平均而言，覆蓋三分之一的總資產(chǎn)價(jià)值在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。同樣，應(yīng)收客戶的另一個(gè)重要因素流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)。存貨及應(yīng)收賬款為流動(dòng)性不足的資產(chǎn)，是重要的理由如下：
（1）他們出現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表其歷史價(jià)值，但其實(shí)現(xiàn)依賴于現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。
（2）他們的總資產(chǎn)占很大份額。因此，任何有關(guān)這些資產(chǎn)的數(shù)量變化可以影響一個(gè)企業(yè)的盈利能力和財(cái)務(wù)可行性。
（3）銷售收入和利潤(rùn)額直接相關(guān)的庫(kù)存水平和堅(jiān)定的信貸政策。一個(gè)軟信貸政策，利息應(yīng)收款是一個(gè)事業(yè)的高銷售額和利潤(rùn)。同樣，庫(kù)存的最佳規(guī)模是需要利潤(rùn)最大化。經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨量和緩沖庫(kù)存各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要以最低的成本，從而最大限度的利潤(rùn)。




SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF
INVENTORIES AND ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE
BY DR. AYUB MEHAR
ABSTRACT：The study presents a model based on 3,375 observations from industrial firms in Pakistan, and the Three-Stage Least Square (3SLS) technique has been applied for the estimation. The results indicate that the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) of inventories is not a constant magnitude; it is a variable closely associated with 'time trend'. While the ‘buffer stock’ element can be estimated through the constant term of an equation. Receivables from customers show a negative correlation with liquid assets and the cost of production. Receivables are also shown to act as substitute for closing inventories.

Key Words: 3SLS, Inventory Control, Economic Order Quantity,
Buffer Stock

I. INTRODUCTION
Working capital management is one of the important areas of financial planning
and control. This broad area covers the management and control of Cash and
Banking Transactions, Short-term Investments, Receivables from Debtors, Credit
Analysis, Inventories and Current Liabilities. Inventories and Accounts Receivables are the two important components of Current Assets. In their work on cost accounting Mats, Curry, Frank and Khan (1982) estimated that inventories, on average, cover one third of the value of total assets in a balance sheet. Similarly, ‘Receivables from Customers’ are another important element of the Current Assets. Inventories and receivables are illiquid assets and are important for the following reasons:
(1) They appear in the balance sheet at their historical value, but their realization depends on the present and future business environment and economic conditions.
(2) They represent a significant share in total assets. Consequently, any change in the magnitude of these assets can affect the profitability and financial viability of a business.