摘要
烏尼莫克（Unimog）全地域車是一款技術(shù)先進(jìn)、性能卓越、多功能、全天候的特種車輛。它為我國全地域機(jī)動(dòng)運(yùn)載平臺的自主設(shè)計(jì)提供了良好的范例。正確分析和研究原型車的懸架系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)原理和設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)，對加速全地域車懸架系統(tǒng)國產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
本課題結(jié)合長安汽車公司全地域車的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，分析了全地域樣車的懸架結(jié)構(gòu)形式和設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)，特別是針對懸架系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵部件- 變剛度螺旋彈簧進(jìn)行了逆向設(shè)計(jì)。主要研究內(nèi)容有：測量變剛度螺旋彈簧的參數(shù)，建立了變剛度螺旋彈簧的參數(shù)化模型；計(jì)算了變剛度螺旋彈簧；采用非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)分析軟件LS-DYNA,計(jì)算了變剛度螺旋彈簧的動(dòng)態(tài)變形過程，對螺旋彈簧承受的最大變形和應(yīng)力進(jìn)行了數(shù)值預(yù)測；最后，對變剛度螺旋彈簧的變剛度特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)測試，測試結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了原型車懸架彈簧的變剛度特性及其理論計(jì)算正確性，為原型車懸架螺旋彈簧的逆向設(shè)計(jì)提供理論計(jì)算依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：懸架，變剛度，螺旋彈簧，有限元，動(dòng)力學(xué)分析























ABSTRACT

The all-terrain vehicle of Unimog is a multifunctional, all-weather special vehicle which has a advanced technology and high performance. The vehicle is made a good example for independent design and manufacture of the all-terrain maneuverable platform. To correctly analyze and research the principle and the characteristic of the structural design of the archetypal vehicle’s suspension systems, is very important theoretical value and practical significance of engineering for further improving the designing level of the all-terrain vehicle’s suspension systems and speeding up the process of localization.
The paper combined with the products development of Chang’an Automobile Company’s all-terrain vehicle, analyze the structural form and the characteristic of the structural design of the archetypal vehicle’s suspension systems, especially with regard to the key components of the suspension-variable stiffness coil spring’s reverse design. Main contents which is studied are as follow: measurement parameters of the variable stiffness spiral spring, and making the parametric model of variable stiffness spiral spring; calculations of the variable stiffness spiral spring; and then with nonlinear dynamics analysis software Ls-dyna,calculate dynamic deformation process of the variable stiffness spiral spring, forecasting most large deformation and stress; at last, test variable stiffness of the variable stiffness spiral spring, test results verify the validity of the calculation and the variable stiffness of the springs of the archetypal vehicle’s suspension, propose the basis for the theoretical calculation of reverse design of the spiral springs of the archetypal vehicle’s suspension.


Key words: suspension, variable stiffness, spiral spring, finite element, dynamics analysis







目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1研究的目的意義 1
1.2研究內(nèi)容 2
2 懸架系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析 3
2.1原型車行走系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)[2] 3
2.2原型車前后懸架結(jié)構(gòu)形式分析[3] 4
2.2.1前懸架系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 4
2.2.2后懸架系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 7
3 變剛度螺旋彈簧的逆向建模 10
3.1 變剛度螺旋彈簧的研究現(xiàn)狀 10
3.2 懸架彈簧參數(shù)測量 11
3.2.1測量的規(guī)定 11
3.2.2前懸架彈簧參數(shù)測量 11
3.2.3后懸架彈簧參數(shù)測量 12
3.2.4參數(shù)測量注意事項(xiàng) 12
3.3懸架彈簧三維逆向建模 13
3.3.1前懸架彈簧逆向建模 13
3.3.2 后懸架彈簧逆向建模 15
3.3.3 逆向建模注意事項(xiàng) 18
4 變剛度螺旋彈簧的彈性特性 18
4.1彈簧材料選擇 18
4.2彈簧特性計(jì)算[8] 19
4.3 前懸架彈簧理論計(jì)算 20
4.4 后懸架彈簧理論計(jì)算 24
5.螺旋彈簧的有限元?jiǎng)恿W(xué)分析 29
5.1 前懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元分析[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] 29
5.1.1前懸架彈簧上、下底座建模 29
5.1.2前懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元模型 30
5.1.3 前懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元的前處理分析[19] 30
5.1.4前懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元結(jié)果分析 32
5.2后懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元分析 34
5.2.1后懸架彈簧上、下底座建模 34
5.2.2前懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元模型 35
5.2.3 后懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元的前處理分析 36
5.2.4后懸架螺旋彈簧的有限元結(jié)果分析 37
6變剛度螺旋彈簧性能測試 39
6.1試驗(yàn)的目的 39
6.2試驗(yàn)要求 39
6.3試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 39
6.4試驗(yàn)結(jié)論 41
7結(jié)論 41
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 42
附錄1：前懸架彈簧螺旋線公式 43
附錄2：后懸架彈簧螺旋線公式 45
附錄3：前后懸架彈簧特性曲線擬合 47