摘 要

隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，機(jī)械類的結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)在由靜強(qiáng)度為主要準(zhǔn)則向具有良好動態(tài)特性為設(shè)計(jì)主要方向過渡。機(jī)械振動測試技術(shù)是目前乃至今后結(jié)構(gòu)動強(qiáng)度領(lǐng)域的一個主要組成部分。 作為一名機(jī)械類工科學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)了機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)振動理論課程后，掌握一些機(jī)械振動測試技術(shù)與技能，對加強(qiáng)本科教育的教學(xué)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)，適應(yīng)素質(zhì)教育尤為必要。
近十年來，電子技術(shù)和數(shù)字計(jì)算技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使振動和沖擊的測試技術(shù)發(fā)生了極大的變化。測量傳感器和測試儀器出現(xiàn)了許多新型結(jié)構(gòu)，可測量的頻率范圍和動態(tài)范圍大大增加，記錄儀器和分析儀器大量采用微處理器，可進(jìn)行頻率域和時(shí)間域的實(shí)時(shí)分析。振動試驗(yàn)方法也有了很大的革新，出現(xiàn)了許多快速試驗(yàn)方法。與微型計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)機(jī)分析，可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)顯示測試數(shù)據(jù)和分析結(jié)果。
本課題的主要工作就是設(shè)計(jì)一個以計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)的振動測試系統(tǒng)。它分為硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)兩部分，硬件部分的主要內(nèi)容是振動測試實(shí)驗(yàn)臺的設(shè)計(jì)和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)；而軟件部分以LabVIEW為軟件開發(fā)平臺，配合必要的傳感器、信號調(diào)理電路和數(shù)據(jù)采集卡(USB2015)組成的多通道振動測試與分析虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)。


關(guān)鍵詞： 虛擬儀器，測試原理，硬件設(shè)計(jì)，軟件分析













ABSTRACT

With the development of science and technology，mechanical strength design of the structure by the static strength as the main criteria to the dynamic characteristics of a good design for the main direction of the transition. Mechanical vibration test technology is the future structure and dynamic strength of the field is a major component of. As a mechanical engineering students in learning the mechanical design vibration theory course, master some mechanical vibration test technology and skills, to enhance undergraduate education in teaching practice, to the quality of education is particularly necessary.
Over the last decade, electronic technology and digital technology development so that the vibration and shock testing technologies in a great change。Measurement sensors and test equipment have many new structure, measurable frequency range and dynamic range has increased significantly, Records of equipment and a large number of machines used microprocessors.it can be frequency domain and time domain of real-time analysis. Vibration test method also a great innovation, there are many rapid test method.With the micro-computer on-line analysis, in a short period of time shows that the test data and analysis results.
The main topic of this work is to design a computer and data acquisition system based on the vibration test systems. It is divided into hardware and software design of two parts，Hardware are the main contents of vibration test design and data acquisition system design, software and part of a software development platform for LabVIEW. With the necessary sensors, signal conditioning circuit and Data Acquisition (USB2015) composed of multi-channel vibration testing and analysis of virtual instrument systems.


Key words：Virtual machines, Testing principle, Hardware design,Software analysis





目 錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
目 錄 III
1 緒論 1
1.1振動測試的概述 1
1.2振動測試技術(shù)的發(fā)展 1
1.3振動測試的分類和內(nèi)容 2
1.3.1 振動量的測量 2
1.3.2動態(tài)特性測試 2
1.3.3環(huán)境模擬試驗(yàn) 2
1.4虛擬儀器 3
1.4.1虛擬儀器的概述 3
1.4.2虛擬儀器的特點(diǎn) 3
1.4.3虛擬儀器的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 4
2 振動測試與分析系統(tǒng)原理 6
2.1振動測試系統(tǒng)的原理 6
2.2振動信號測試原理 6
2.2.1混頻現(xiàn)象與采樣定理 6
2.2.2量化與量化誤差 8
2.2.3采樣方式 9
2.2.4泄漏與加窗 9
3 振動測試教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 12
3.1系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目的 12
3.2系統(tǒng)組成 12
3.3系統(tǒng)功能 13
3.4實(shí)驗(yàn)臺設(shè)計(jì) 13
4 系統(tǒng)硬件配置 16
4.1測試系統(tǒng)的硬件平臺 16
4.2振動測試系統(tǒng) 16
4.2.1壓電加速度傳感器 17
4.2.2電渦流位移傳感器 18
4.2.3磁電式速度傳感器 18
4.2.4數(shù)據(jù)采集卡(DAQ) 18
4.2.5電荷放大器 19
4.3激振系統(tǒng) 21
4.3.1激振器 21
4.3.2信號發(fā)生器 22
4.3.3偏心電動機(jī)和調(diào)壓器 24
5 系統(tǒng)軟件 25
5.1LabVIEW介紹 25
5.2時(shí)間域分析的實(shí)現(xiàn) 26
5.2.1自相關(guān) 26
5.2.2互相關(guān) 26
5.3幅值域分析的實(shí)現(xiàn) 27
5.4系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 28
5.4.1信號發(fā)生模塊設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.4.2濾波 30
5.4.2頻域分析 31
5.4.3時(shí)域分析 32
結(jié) 論 34
致 謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36