基于SPCE061A單片機交通燈控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計



摘  要

交通燈的智能控制是目前智能交通系統(tǒng)ITS領(lǐng)域中的一個分支。隨著城市化速度的加快，機動車日益普及，人們受到越來越多的交通擁堵的困擾。而城市道路中交通擁堵有多方面的原因：車輛多，道路少；道路設(shè)置不合理；平面交通多，立體交通少；交叉路口交通燈時間設(shè)置不合理等等。而城市交通中平面交通占得比重非常大。堵車地點多為交叉路口。主要是由于車流量大，等燈時間不合理造成的。這是目前城市交通亟待解決的問題。

目前我國城市街道交叉路口的交通信號燈雖然是自動的，但是仔細(xì)觀察就會發(fā)現(xiàn)紅綠燈的交替轉(zhuǎn)換是定時式的，即轉(zhuǎn)換的間隔時間是固定不變的。定時式并不符合實際要求。因為，如果東西和南北兩方向車流量相差很大，而信號燈還是平均分配導(dǎo)通時間，就會出現(xiàn)這樣的問題：車多的方向?qū)〞r間不足，而車少的方向?qū)〞r間剩余，造成一方向車擠另一方向車松的不合理的局面，這就是機器自動控制不如人工現(xiàn)場指揮的差別。

本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計以SPCE061A單片機為核心，通過對SPCE061A的程序設(shè)計與外接電路系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計來完成本系統(tǒng)對所有信號燈的控制與時間顯示功能。通過本控制系統(tǒng)與模擬交通燈控制板的連接，實現(xiàn)本系統(tǒng)的模擬調(diào)試，調(diào)試結(jié)果顯示，本系統(tǒng)能夠自動完成對模擬交通燈控制板上的LED數(shù)碼管以及雙色LED燈的控制，能夠以實際情況的順序進(jìn)行顯示。同時，本控制系統(tǒng)除具備常規(guī)交通信號燈控制系統(tǒng)功能外，增設(shè)了人性化智能控制功能，通過對車流量的檢測智能延長或縮短通行時間、以數(shù)字編碼無線傳輸模式實現(xiàn)特種車輛的檢測與快速通行、在紅綠燈變換時具有語音提示、在遠(yuǎn)程查詢時可語音播報當(dāng)前路況。整個系統(tǒng)可以在正常工作狀態(tài)、緊急工作狀態(tài)、設(shè)置狀態(tài)與查詢狀態(tài)之間進(jìn)行無擾動切換，系統(tǒng)整體性好，人性化強、可靠性高。

關(guān)鍵詞： SPCE061A單片機；交通信號燈；人性化智能控制

 

ABSTRACT

The intelligent control of traffic light is a branch in ITS of intelligent transportation system．As the accelerating of urbanization, motor vehicle is popularized day and day, there is a puzzles to people by traffic jam which is more and more serious．But there are many reasons for jam of urban traffic: more automobiles，fewer roads，unsuitable arrangement of roads，more plane traffic fewer stereo traffic；unsuitable arrangement on time of traffic light in crossroad, etc．Plane traffic takes up a great proportion of urban traffic．The place where jam occured frequently is crossroad．This is resulted from more vehicle flow and unreasonable time of waiting traffic light．This is q problem needed to be solved in urban traffic．

Although, the control of traffic light of crossroad in urban traffic is automatic，the alternative switch of red and green traffic light is timed，by which the interval time of switching is changeless．It is not suitable for practice．Because， when there is a big difference of east-west and north-south’s vehicle flow, if turn-on time is distributed by traffic light, the problem may appeared such as turn-on time of direction of more vehicles is lack，while one of fewer vehicles is excessive．Because of this problem, an unreasonable situation which is on one direction the traffic is jam which another direction is not jam is made．This is difference that automation control is inferior to manual control．

The system is designed to SPCE061A MCU core, through the process of SPCE061A design and the design of an external circuit to complete the system of control of all lights and time display. Simulated through the traffic light control system and control panel connections and realize the simulation of the system commissioning, commissioning results show that the system can automatically complete the simulation of traffic lights on the control board and two-color LED digital tube LED light control, able to in order to display the actual situation. Meanwhile, the control system with conventional traffic signal control than the system functions, the addition of humanized intelligent control, traffic flow through the detection of intelligent extend or shorten the access time to digital encoding of special vehicles to achieve the wireless transmission mode detection and rapid passage , at the traffic light change, have a voice prompt, voice in the broadcast when a remote query the current road conditions. The whole system can work in the normal state, working state of emergency, set between the state and check status of undisturbed switch, the system overall is good, user-friendly, high reliability.


Key words: SPCE061A SCM; Traffic Lights; Human Intelligent Control

 

 

目    錄


1  緒  論 1

1.1課題背景及研究意義 1

1.2國內(nèi)外研究綜述 1

1.3課題的任務(wù)及要實現(xiàn)的主要功能 2

2  總體方案設(shè)計概述 3

2.1現(xiàn)代化的交通信號燈控制系統(tǒng) 3

2.2系統(tǒng)設(shè)計主要功能 3

2.3路口交通模型介紹 3

2.4交通燈控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 4

3  單片機簡介 6

3.1 單片機概述 6

3.1.1 什么是單片機 6

3.1.2單片機的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及硬件特性 6

3.1.3單片機的發(fā)展史 6

3.1.4單片機的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 7

3.2 SPCE061A單片機概述 8
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