基于聲卡的環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)


摘要

本文采用虛擬儀器的思想，結(jié)合計(jì)算機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，提出了一種以計(jì)算機(jī)為平臺(tái)，基于聲卡數(shù)據(jù)采集、顯示與分析的虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)。用計(jì)算機(jī)中的普通聲卡，而不是專業(yè)的環(huán)保設(shè)備對(duì)環(huán)境噪聲進(jìn)行采集。它利用噪聲的時(shí)間特性、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)以及LabVIEW平臺(tái)編寫程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的采集和分析。用傅立葉變換數(shù)據(jù)處理方法對(duì)聲音信號(hào)的各種屬性值加以提取、存儲(chǔ)與分析。以直觀定量的形式表現(xiàn)出特定時(shí)刻、特定地點(diǎn)的噪聲分布與屬性值。不僅可以用于對(duì)環(huán)境噪聲進(jìn)行定量監(jiān)測(cè)與分析，還能推廣到振動(dòng)等信號(hào)監(jiān)測(cè)與分析。

關(guān)鍵詞: 聲卡；噪聲采集；LabVIEW；頻譜；虛擬儀器；信號(hào)分析
Abstract

The paper use the thought of the virtual instrument, combining with the structure characteristics of a computer, put forwards a computer as platform, based on soundcard data acquisition, display and analysis of virtual instrument system. Use the computer in ordinary soundcard, not professional environmental equipment to collect the environmental noise. It uses noise time characteristics, database technology and the LabVIEW platform program, realize signal collection and analysis. Extract, store and analyze the voice signal of the various attribute by use Fourier transform method of data processing. In the visual quantitative showed particular moment, specific locations with attribute value of the noise distribution. Not only can be used to quantitatively of environmental noise monitoring and analysis, but also extended to observe and analyze signals, such as the vibration.

Keywords: Sound card; Noise collection; LabVIEW; Frequency spectrum; Virtual instrument; Signal analysis
目錄

第一章  緒論 1
1.1 問(wèn)題的提出 1
1.2 虛擬儀器LabVIEW 1
1.2.1 LabVIEW的概述 1
1.2.2 LabVIEW的操作模板 2
1.3 環(huán)境噪聲的研究現(xiàn)狀綜述 4
1.3.1 環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)前景展望 4
1.3.2 國(guó)外環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3.3 我國(guó)環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4
1.4 本課題研究意義 5
1.5 本次設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容 5
第二章 噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1 硬件的選擇 6
2.2 聲卡的工作原理 6
2.3 聲卡的技術(shù)指標(biāo) 10
第三章 噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)的總體構(gòu)思 11
3.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊 11
3.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集概述 11
3.2.2 LabVIEW聲卡函數(shù) 12
3.2.3 編程環(huán)境的工程創(chuàng)建 13
3.2.4 編程實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集 15
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存模塊 17
3.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析模塊 20
3.4.1 數(shù)據(jù)分析流程圖 20
3.4.2 噪聲信號(hào)的傅里葉變換 20
3.4.3 信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生 22
3.4.4 信號(hào)分析與處理模塊分析 23
結(jié)　論 25
致　謝 26
參考文獻(xiàn) 27