基于聲卡的環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計


摘要

本文采用虛擬儀器的思想，結(jié)合計算機的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，提出了一種以計算機為平臺，基于聲卡數(shù)據(jù)采集、顯示與分析的虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)。用計算機中的普通聲卡，而不是專業(yè)的環(huán)保設(shè)備對環(huán)境噪聲進行采集。它利用噪聲的時間特性、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)以及LabVIEW平臺編寫程序，實現(xiàn)信號的采集和分析。用傅立葉變換數(shù)據(jù)處理方法對聲音信號的各種屬性值加以提取、存儲與分析。以直觀定量的形式表現(xiàn)出特定時刻、特定地點的噪聲分布與屬性值。不僅可以用于對環(huán)境噪聲進行定量監(jiān)測與分析，還能推廣到振動等信號監(jiān)測與分析。

關(guān)鍵詞: 聲卡；噪聲采集；LabVIEW；頻譜；虛擬儀器；信號分析
Abstract

The paper use the thought of the virtual instrument, combining with the structure characteristics of a computer, put forwards a computer as platform, based on soundcard data acquisition, display and analysis of virtual instrument system. Use the computer in ordinary soundcard, not professional environmental equipment to collect the environmental noise. It uses noise time characteristics, database technology and the LabVIEW platform program, realize signal collection and analysis. Extract, store and analyze the voice signal of the various attribute by use Fourier transform method of data processing. In the visual quantitative showed particular moment, specific locations with attribute value of the noise distribution. Not only can be used to quantitatively of environmental noise monitoring and analysis, but also extended to observe and analyze signals, such as the vibration.

Keywords: Sound card; Noise collection; LabVIEW; Frequency spectrum; Virtual instrument; Signal analysis
目錄

第一章  緒論 1
1.1 問題的提出 1
1.2 虛擬儀器LabVIEW 1
1.2.1 LabVIEW的概述 1
1.2.2 LabVIEW的操作模板 2
1.3 環(huán)境噪聲的研究現(xiàn)狀綜述 4
1.3.1 環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測前景展望 4
1.3.2 國外環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3.3 我國環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4
1.4 本課題研究意義 5
1.5 本次設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容 5
第二章 噪聲監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 6
2.1 硬件的選擇 6
2.2 聲卡的工作原理 6
2.3 聲卡的技術(shù)指標 10
第三章 噪聲監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 11
3.1 軟件設(shè)計的總體構(gòu)思 11
3.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊 11
3.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集概述 11
3.2.2 LabVIEW聲卡函數(shù) 12
3.2.3 編程環(huán)境的工程創(chuàng)建 13
3.2.4 編程實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集 15
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)儲存模塊 17
3.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析模塊 20
3.4.1 數(shù)據(jù)分析流程圖 20
3.4.2 噪聲信號的傅里葉變換 20
3.4.3 信號的產(chǎn)生 22
3.4.4 信號分析與處理模塊分析 23
結(jié)　論 25
致　謝 26
參考文獻 27