論產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任

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摘 要
產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任是產(chǎn)品相關(guān)責任制度中比較容易混淆的一對概念，我國相關(guān)法律并沒有對他們作出嚴格的界定。產(chǎn)品瑕疵是指產(chǎn)品不符合合同約定的標準，在質(zhì)量、性能、用途和有效期限等方面存在不合格的狀況。產(chǎn)品缺陷是指產(chǎn)品存在危及人身、財產(chǎn)安全的不合理的危險。相應(yīng)地，產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任就是指在產(chǎn)品存在瑕疵時和產(chǎn)品存在缺陷時所產(chǎn)生的民事法律責任。本文的重點是產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任之間的關(guān)系。產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷之間有聯(lián)系，也存在區(qū)別。產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任主要體現(xiàn)在：判斷標準不同、責任主體不同、責任性質(zhì)不同、免責條件不同以及責任承擔方式不同。此外，本文還重點研究了產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任的歸責原則和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的歸責原則，本文的觀點是產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任的歸責原則是無過錯責任原則，而產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的歸責原則分不同的情況分別為嚴格責任和過錯責任。
在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文對一個“高壓鍋爆炸案”展開了詳細的分析。產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的歸責原則也不同，這主要是出于立法者對不同利益的平衡。本文認為，我國產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任體系臻于完善，但是產(chǎn)品缺陷責任體系還需要進一步改進。

關(guān)鍵詞：產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任 產(chǎn)品缺陷責任 區(qū)別

THE RESEARCH ON LIABILITY FOR WARRANTY AGAINST DEFECTS AND PRODUCT DEFECT LIABILITY

ABSTRACT
Liability for warranty against defects and product defect liability are easy to be confused, and the laws do dot make any definition about them. In liability for warranty against defects, the term defects refers to the status that the products do not fit in with the criterion the contract provides. But in product defect liablity the term defect refers to the products contain unreasonable dangers which could damage the users’ properties or bodies. Correspondingly, the two liablities belong to the civil liablities caused by the products which is in some status mentioned above. There are some relationships between liability for warranty against defects and product defect liablity, but there are many differences between the two, which need to be differentiated well. The difference s of the two liabilities lie in the criterion, the liablity taker, the quality, the liablity-taking-off cindition and the manner of liability assuming.
On the basis of the research above, this paper adopted a case in which a pressure cooker exploded and the issue of the two liabilities arose. The principles of the liablity undertaking are also different in liability for warranty against defect and product defect liability, for the legislator may use different principles to balance the intrests of every parties. The legal system of liability for warranty against defects functions well in China, but the legal system of product defect liability is far from perfection and need to be improved.

Key Words: Liability for warranty against defects,Product defect liability,Difference

目 錄
摘要………………………………………………………………III
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………...IV
引言………………………………………………………………..1
一、產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任概述………………………..2
（一）產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任概述………………………………………………2
1.產(chǎn)品瑕疵概念………………………………………………………………………2
2.產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任概念…………………………………………………………………3
（二）產(chǎn)品缺陷責任概述……………………………………………..3
1.產(chǎn)品缺陷概念………………………………………………………………………3
2.產(chǎn)品缺陷責任概念…………………………………………………………………4
二、產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的關(guān)系分析………………….5
（一）產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的聯(lián)系…………………………5
1.兩者都是和產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的責任……………………………………………………..5
2.兩者都是民事責任………………………………………………………………..5
（二）產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任和產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的區(qū)別…………………………5
1.判斷標準不同………………………………………………………………………5
2.責任主體不同……………………………………………………………………..6
3.責任性質(zhì)不同………………………………………………………………………6
4.免責條件不同………………………………………………………………………6
5.責任承擔方式不同…………………………………………………………………6
（三）產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任關(guān)系的案例分析………………7
1.案情介紹……………………………………………………………………………7
2.案情分析及該案例的意義…………………………………………………………7
四、我國產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任歸責原則………………10
（一）我國產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任的歸責原則…………………………………10
1.確定產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任歸責原則的法律依據(jù)……………………………………….10
2.確定產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任歸責原則應(yīng)為雙重歸責原則……………………………….11
（二）我國產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的歸責原則………………………………..11
1.確定產(chǎn)品缺陷責任歸責原則的法律依據(jù)……………………………………….11
2.確定產(chǎn)品缺陷責任歸責原則應(yīng)為雙重歸責原則……………………………….12
五、對完善我國產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任與產(chǎn)品缺陷責任制度的思考……13
（一）對完善我國產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任的思考………………………………13
1.產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任制度存在的問題………………………………………………….13
2.完善我國產(chǎn)品瑕疵責任制度的思考…………………………………………….14
（二）對完善我國產(chǎn)品缺陷責任的思考…………………………….14
1.擴大產(chǎn)品的范圍………………………………………………………………….14
2.擴展產(chǎn)品責任的責任主體……………………………………………………….15
3.完善抗辯事由…………………………………………………………………….15
4.應(yīng)該明確精神損害賠償………………………………………………………….15
5.規(guī)范間接損失的賠償范圍……………………………………………………….15
結(jié)論……………………………………………………………….17
參考文獻………………………………………………………….18
致謝……………………………………………………………….19



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