摘 要

齒輪傳動是現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣的一種傳動形式。它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：
① 瞬時(shí)傳動比恒定、工作平穩(wěn)、傳動準(zhǔn)確可靠可傳遞空間任意兩軸之間的運(yùn)動和動力；
② 適用的功率和速度范圍廣；
③ 傳動效率高，η=0.92-0.98；
④ 工作可靠、使用壽命長；
⑤ 外輪廓尺寸小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。由齒輪、軸、軸承及箱體組成的齒輪減速器,用于原動機(jī)和工作機(jī)或執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)之間,起匹配轉(zhuǎn)速和傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用,在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。
國內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動、蝸桿傳動為主，但普遍存在著功率與重量比小，或者傳動比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題。另外，材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn)，特別是大型的減速器問題更突出，使用壽命不長。國外的減速器，以德國、丹麥和日本處于領(lǐng)先地位，特別在材料和制造工藝方面占據(jù)優(yōu)勢，減速器工作可靠性好，使用壽命長。但其傳動形式仍以定軸齒輪傳動為主，體積和重量問題，也未解決好。
當(dāng)今的減速器是向著大功率、大傳動比、小體積、高機(jī)械效率以及使用壽命長的方向發(fā)展。減速器與電動機(jī)的連體結(jié)構(gòu)，也是大力開拓的形式，并已生產(chǎn)多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式和多種功率型號的產(chǎn)品。近十幾年來,由于近代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得機(jī)械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，從而推動了機(jī)械傳動產(chǎn)品的多樣化，整機(jī)配套的模塊化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，以及造型設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)化，使產(chǎn)品更加精致，美觀化。
針對減速器存在的問題，本課題采用優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的方法，力求使減速器的體積達(dá)到最小，建立數(shù)學(xué)模型，并通過matlab語言編輯后，得到一組優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)，到達(dá)預(yù)期目標(biāo)，使減速器的體積比傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果減小20%--30%。并對輸出軸做了機(jī)械加工工藝分析。

關(guān)鍵字：減速器 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 齒輪 機(jī)械傳動

Abstract

Wheel gear's spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine.Its main advantage BE:The
① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks;Power and speed scope
② applies are wide;
③ spreads to move an efficiency high, η =0.92-0.98;
④ work is dependable, service life long;
⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to°from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.
⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machine's problem is more outstanding, the service life isn't long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, don't also resolve like
The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.
For the reducer problem, the issue of optimal design approach in effort to minimize the size reducer, made the mathematical model, and edited by matlab language, get a set of optimal data to reach the target, so that the volume reducer experience than the traditional design results was reduced by 20%-30%. And the output shaft of the machining process of doing .
















Key words：Reduction gear、 Optimal design、gear 、mechanical drive





目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
緒論 2
1 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 3
1.1原始數(shù)據(jù)及優(yōu)化目標(biāo) 3
1.2優(yōu)化方案的選擇 3
1.3數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 4
1.4算法的選取與建立 7
1.5 matlab語言程序編輯 9
2 軸承和傳動軸的設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.1.軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.2 軸的強(qiáng)度校核 15
3 鍵、聯(lián)軸器和電動機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算 20
3.1 鍵的選擇計(jì)算 20
3.2 聯(lián)軸器設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.3 電動機(jī)的選擇 21
4 箱體結(jié)構(gòu)及其附件的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.1 箱體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.2 附件設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.3 潤滑密封設(shè)計(jì) 24
5 減速箱輸出軸的工藝性分析 25
5.1 輸出軸整體工藝分析 25
5.2 選擇..