高層結(jié)構(gòu)與鋼結(jié)構(gòu)------外文翻譯.doc
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高層結(jié)構(gòu)與鋼結(jié)構(gòu)------外文翻譯,近年來(lái)，盡管一般的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)取得了很大的進(jìn)步，但是取得顯著成績(jī)的還要屬超高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)?！ ∽畛醯母邔咏ㄖO(shè)計(jì)是從鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)始的。鋼筋混凝土和受力外包鋼筒系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用起來(lái)是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的系統(tǒng)，被有效地運(yùn)用于大批的民用建筑和商業(yè)建筑中。50層到100層的建筑被定義為超高層建筑。而這種建筑在美國(guó)得廣泛的應(yīng)用是由于新的結(jié)構(gòu)系...
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近年來(lái)，盡管一般的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)取得了很大的進(jìn)步，但是取得顯著成績(jī)的還要屬超高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
最初的高層建筑設(shè)計(jì)是從鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)始的。鋼筋混凝土和受力外包鋼筒系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用起來(lái)是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的系統(tǒng)，被有效地運(yùn)用于大批的民用建筑和商業(yè)建筑中。50層到100層的建筑被定義為超高層建筑。而這種建筑在美國(guó)得廣泛的應(yīng)用是由于新的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新。
這樣的高度需要增大柱和梁的尺寸，這樣以來(lái)可以使建筑物更加堅(jiān)固以至于在允許的限度范圍內(nèi)承受風(fēng)荷載而不產(chǎn)生彎曲和傾斜。過(guò)分的傾斜會(huì)導(dǎo)致建筑的隔離構(gòu)件、頂棚以及其他建筑細(xì)部產(chǎn)生循環(huán)破壞。除此之外，過(guò)大的搖動(dòng)也會(huì)使建筑的使用者們因感覺(jué)到這樣的的晃動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生不舒服的感覺(jué)。無(wú)論是鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)還是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)都充分利用了整個(gè)建筑的剛度潛力，因此不能指望利用多余的剛度來(lái)限制側(cè)向位移。
在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中，經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)算是根據(jù)每平方英寸地板面積上的鋼材的數(shù)量確定的。圖示1中的曲線A顯示了常規(guī)框架的平均單位的重量隨著樓層數(shù)的增加而增加的情況。而曲線B顯示則顯示的是在框架被保護(hù)而不受任何側(cè)向荷載的情況下的鋼材的平均重量。上界和下界之間的區(qū)域顯示的是傳統(tǒng)梁柱框架的造價(jià)隨高度而變化的情況。而結(jié)構(gòu)工程師改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的目的就是減少這部分造價(jià)。
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中的體系：鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的高層建筑的發(fā)展是幾種結(jié)構(gòu)體系創(chuàng)新的結(jié)果。這些創(chuàng)新的結(jié)構(gòu)已
Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general. Spectacular archievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings.
The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing.Reinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes.The high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structual systems.
Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit.Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions,ceilings.and other architectural details. In addition,excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because their perception of such motion.Structural systems of reinforced concrete,as well as steel,take full advantage of inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore require additional stiffening to limit the sway.
最初的高層建筑設(shè)計(jì)是從鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)始的。鋼筋混凝土和受力外包鋼筒系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用起來(lái)是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的系統(tǒng)，被有效地運(yùn)用于大批的民用建筑和商業(yè)建筑中。50層到100層的建筑被定義為超高層建筑。而這種建筑在美國(guó)得廣泛的應(yīng)用是由于新的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新。
這樣的高度需要增大柱和梁的尺寸，這樣以來(lái)可以使建筑物更加堅(jiān)固以至于在允許的限度范圍內(nèi)承受風(fēng)荷載而不產(chǎn)生彎曲和傾斜。過(guò)分的傾斜會(huì)導(dǎo)致建筑的隔離構(gòu)件、頂棚以及其他建筑細(xì)部產(chǎn)生循環(huán)破壞。除此之外，過(guò)大的搖動(dòng)也會(huì)使建筑的使用者們因感覺(jué)到這樣的的晃動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生不舒服的感覺(jué)。無(wú)論是鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)還是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)都充分利用了整個(gè)建筑的剛度潛力，因此不能指望利用多余的剛度來(lái)限制側(cè)向位移。
在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中，經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)算是根據(jù)每平方英寸地板面積上的鋼材的數(shù)量確定的。圖示1中的曲線A顯示了常規(guī)框架的平均單位的重量隨著樓層數(shù)的增加而增加的情況。而曲線B顯示則顯示的是在框架被保護(hù)而不受任何側(cè)向荷載的情況下的鋼材的平均重量。上界和下界之間的區(qū)域顯示的是傳統(tǒng)梁柱框架的造價(jià)隨高度而變化的情況。而結(jié)構(gòu)工程師改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的目的就是減少這部分造價(jià)。
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中的體系：鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的高層建筑的發(fā)展是幾種結(jié)構(gòu)體系創(chuàng)新的結(jié)果。這些創(chuàng)新的結(jié)構(gòu)已
Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general. Spectacular archievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings.
The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing.Reinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes.The high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structual systems.
Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit.Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions,ceilings.and other architectural details. In addition,excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because their perception of such motion.Structural systems of reinforced concrete,as well as steel,take full advantage of inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore require additional stiffening to limit the sway.
