1.緒論
當(dāng)今的工業(yè)的競爭已經(jīng)是真正意義上的國際市場(chǎng)競爭。 高效的運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立了一個(gè)我們每天都要參與的 “世界市場(chǎng)”。 對(duì)于任何工業(yè)化國家要參與這個(gè)市場(chǎng)競爭，就必須采用一種適時(shí)的方式為其客戶提供經(jīng)濟(jì)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和過程設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行集成的重要性，在產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)被怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。但是， 即使一種設(shè)計(jì)最終被落實(shí)， 制造業(yè)者一定愿意通過允許最后的工程設(shè)計(jì)變化，而沒有通過影響裝運(yùn)進(jìn)度表，或者改變產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量來適應(yīng)他們的用戶。
大多數(shù)美國的生產(chǎn)公司基于趨向計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）/計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制（CAM）和CIM為他們的制造系統(tǒng)提供靈活性。今天，計(jì)算機(jī)用于制造已經(jīng)很平常?，F(xiàn)在不僅為零件生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)制造系統(tǒng)，而且為零件從一臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)送到另一臺(tái)機(jī)器的命令順序設(shè)計(jì)了制造系統(tǒng)，如圖（1），它還包含一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域的制造經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃在美國和其他國家，手工產(chǎn)品總是還有一些市場(chǎng)的，此外真正的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品對(duì)于特殊的“one-of-a-kind”技術(shù)項(xiàng)目還是需要的。“one-of-a-kind”通過大量的貨物來表明、各種各樣的工業(yè)需要各種各樣的加工方法。 有些系統(tǒng)將看起來像我們的祖父



1.INTRODUCTION
Today’s industry competes in a truly international marketplace. Efficient transportation networks have created a “world market” in which we participate on a daily basis. For any industrial country to compete in this market, it must have companies that provide economic high-quality products to their customers in a timely manner. The importance of integrating product design and process design to achieve a design for production system cannot be overemphasized. However, even once a design is finalized, manufacturing industries must be willing to accommodate their customers by allowing last-minute engineering-design changes without affecting shipping schedules or altering product quality.
Most U.S.-based manufacturing companies look toward CAD/CAM and CIM to provide this flexibility in their manufacturing system . Today ,the use of computers in manufacturing is common . Manufacturing system are being designed that not only process parts automatically ,but also move the parts from machine to machine and sequence the ordering of operations in the system.（ Figure 1） contains a plot of the economic regions of manufacturing. It should be noted that manual handcrafted goods will always have a market in the United States as well as abroad. This is also true of industrial products—there will continue to be a need for special one-of-a-kind items. The