1.緒論
當(dāng)今的工業(yè)的競爭已經(jīng)是真正意義上的國際市場競爭。 高效的運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立了一個我們每天都要參與的 “世界市場”。 對于任何工業(yè)化國家要參與這個市場競爭，就必須采用一種適時的方式為其客戶提供經(jīng)濟(jì)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和過程設(shè)計進(jìn)行集成的重要性，在產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)被怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。但是， 即使一種設(shè)計最終被落實(shí)， 制造業(yè)者一定愿意通過允許最后的工程設(shè)計變化，而沒有通過影響裝運(yùn)進(jìn)度表，或者改變產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量來適應(yīng)他們的用戶。
大多數(shù)美國的生產(chǎn)公司基于趨向計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計（CAD）/計算機(jī)輔助制（CAM）和CIM為他們的制造系統(tǒng)提供靈活性。今天，計算機(jī)用于制造已經(jīng)很平?！，F(xiàn)在不僅為零件生產(chǎn)設(shè)計制造系統(tǒng)，而且為零件從一臺機(jī)器運(yùn)送到另一臺機(jī)器的命令順序設(shè)計了制造系統(tǒng)，如圖（1），它還包含一個經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域的制造經(jīng)濟(jì)計劃在美國和其他國家，手工產(chǎn)品總是還有一些市場的，此外真正的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品對于特殊的“one-of-a-kind”技術(shù)項(xiàng)目還是需要的?！皁ne-of-a-kind”通過大量的貨物來表明、各種各樣的工業(yè)需要各種各樣的加工方法。 有些系統(tǒng)將看起來像我們的祖父



1.INTRODUCTION
Today’s industry competes in a truly international marketplace. Efficient transportation networks have created a “world market” in which we participate on a daily basis. For any industrial country to compete in this market, it must have companies that provide economic high-quality products to their customers in a timely manner. The importance of integrating product design and process design to achieve a design for production system cannot be overemphasized. However, even once a design is finalized, manufacturing industries must be willing to accommodate their customers by allowing last-minute engineering-design changes without affecting shipping schedules or altering product quality.
Most U.S.-based manufacturing companies look toward CAD/CAM and CIM to provide this flexibility in their manufacturing system . Today ,the use of computers in manufacturing is common . Manufacturing system are being designed that not only process parts automatically ,but also move the parts from machine to machine and sequence the ordering of operations in the system.（ Figure 1） contains a plot of the economic regions of manufacturing. It should be noted that manual handcrafted goods will always have a market in the United States as well as abroad. This is also true of industrial products—there will continue to be a need for special one-of-a-kind items. The