包括設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)，設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和前期資料

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)中文摘要
　　　
　　　本設(shè)計(jì)在論述機(jī)加工軸類(lèi)零件測(cè)量技術(shù)對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量影響的基礎(chǔ)上，闡明了公差測(cè)量技術(shù)的重要性及研制公差測(cè)量?jī)x的重要意義。針對(duì)目前突出的大尺寸軸類(lèi)零件形位誤差檢測(cè)問(wèn)題，通過(guò)分析國(guó)內(nèi)外圓度儀和圓柱度儀的研究現(xiàn)狀，論證了開(kāi)發(fā)大尺寸軸類(lèi)零件形位誤差測(cè)量?jī)x的重要性及重要意義 。
    本設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)被測(cè)軸類(lèi)零件的自身特點(diǎn)，首先進(jìn)行了測(cè)量?jī)x總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)，給出了大尺寸軸類(lèi)零件形位誤差測(cè)量?jī)x由上位機(jī)(PC)，單片機(jī)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)、超聲波傳感器和夾緊裝置五大部分的組成。然后分別對(duì)各個(gè)組成部分進(jìn)行了具體的分析、選擇和計(jì)算，在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了測(cè)量?jī)x控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)、軟件設(shè)計(jì)以及用最小二乘法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理的方法。通過(guò)軟件編程，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M驗(yàn)證，PC機(jī)能夠?qū)ο挛粰C(jī)傳送的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)處理，計(jì)算出工件的行狀位置誤差。
　　　通過(guò)軟件編程，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M驗(yàn)證，PC機(jī)能夠?qū)ο挛粰C(jī)傳送的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)處理，計(jì)算出軸的形位誤差。
    關(guān)鍵詞:大型軸類(lèi)零件；光柵傳感器；形位誤差；誤差分析

畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 外 文 摘 要

Title：Large shaft line bit error measurement instrument
Abstract
　　It is important to develop the instrument for measuring the form and location deviation of big mdimension shaft part by discussing the influence of measuring technique toproduct quality. In recent years it becomes more and more rigorous to shaft parts's hapeerror, especially to the big size shaft part. It is necessary and meaning to develop the instrument, which is verified by analyzing the present condition and the prospec of the roundness and the cylindricity domestic andabroad. It is acritical guarantee of products quality for workpieces with big dimension. In order to solve the problem that a n ew instrument is designed in this article.
　　The integrated construction-project is firstly designed and illustratrated through analyzing character of the gauged axis with a big dimension. It is made up of PC、Single Chip、Stepping Motor、Supersonics Sensor and the Clamp Set. And then，each part is analyzed，selected and computed in detail.The designing for hardware and software is finished and the least square method for the calculation of roundness cylindricity is applied.
　　It has been verified through the experiment that the transferred data from the Single Chip can be handled auto matically. The value for roundness cylindricity of the big size shaft part can be gained too.
　　
　　Keywords:the large size shaft part；Grating sensorr；oundness cylindricity；tolerance analysis

目  錄

1  緒論 1
1.1軸類(lèi)形位誤差測(cè)量概述 1
1.2形位測(cè)量技術(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展情況 2
1.3形位測(cè)量技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 3
1.4 本課題研究的目的意義 4
1.5 本課題的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 4
2  測(cè)量?jī)x的誤差測(cè)量原理 5
2.1圓度誤差的評(píng)定方法 5
2.2圓度誤差的測(cè)量方法 7
3  測(cè)量?jī)x的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)組成 8
3.1工作時(shí)間的分配 8
3.2橫向進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.3橫向支撐 11
3.4進(jìn)給電機(jī)的選擇 11
3.5減速器的選擇 14
3.6進(jìn)給絲杠的選擇及校核 15
3.7軸承類(lèi)型的選擇 17
4  傳感器的選擇 19
5  測(cè)量?jī)x控制電路設(shè)計(jì) 22
5.1 控制機(jī)的選擇和外部電路設(shè)計(jì) 22
5.2單片機(jī)晶振電路 24
5.3單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)干擾來(lái)源 24
5.4系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控復(fù)位電路 25
6  測(cè)量?jī)x的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 28
6.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制 28
6.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)的輸入信號(hào)接口及接口電路 28
6.3 PC機(jī)和單片機(jī)通信接口電路設(shè)計(jì) 30
6.4 系統(tǒng)電路總圖 31
7   測(cè)量?jī)x的控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 32
7.1 單片機(jī)控制程序設(shè)計(jì) 32
7.2數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送 32
7.3 數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送 33
7.4單片機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì) 33
7.5 PC機(jī)控制程序設(shè)計(jì) 34
7.6 控制流程圖 34
8   測(cè)量?jī)x的安裝、使用和維護(hù) 37
8.1測(cè)量?jī)x的安裝方法 37
8.2測(cè)量?jī)x的使用注意事項(xiàng) 37
8.3測(cè)量?jī)x的維護(hù)和調(diào)試 37
9   測(cè)量?jī)x誤差分析 38
結(jié)論 39
致謝 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42