摘   要

　　　壓力鑄造是目前成型有色金屬鑄件的重要成型工藝方法。壓鑄的工藝特點(diǎn)是鑄件的強(qiáng)度和硬度較高，形狀較為復(fù)雜且鑄件壁較薄，而且生產(chǎn)率極高。壓鑄模具是壓力鑄造生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵，壓鑄模具的質(zhì)量決定著壓鑄件的質(zhì)量和精度，而模具設(shè)計(jì)直接影響著壓鑄模具的質(zhì)量和壽命。因此，模具設(shè)計(jì)是模具技術(shù)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵，也是模具發(fā)展的重要因素。

　　　根據(jù)零件的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸設(shè)計(jì)了完整的模具。設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容主要包括：澆注系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、成型零件設(shè)計(jì)、抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、推出機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以及模體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)鑄件的形狀特點(diǎn)、零件尺寸及精度，選定了合適的壓鑄機(jī)，通過準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)算并查閱設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)，確定了成型零件以及模體的尺寸及精度，在材料的選取及熱處理要求上也作出了詳細(xì)說明，并在結(jié)合理論知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件繪制了各部分零件及裝配體的立體圖和工程圖,以保障模具的加工制造。

　　　根據(jù)有關(guān)資料，采用扁平側(cè)面澆注系統(tǒng)，降低了澆注時(shí)金屬液對(duì)型芯的沖擊，確定了鑄造工藝參數(shù)：鑄件加工余量取0.1～0.75mm，收縮率為0.4～0.7﹪，脫模斜度為25′～45′。模具整體尺寸為900×640×835mm，符合所選壓鑄機(jī)安裝空間。抽芯采用斜滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)，拼合形式為兩瓣式。推出機(jī)構(gòu)采用4根端面直徑26mm的圓截面推桿，推桿兼復(fù)位桿作用。經(jīng)計(jì)算，推桿受力符合要求。通過電腦模擬顯示，模具能夠正常工作，開啟靈活。

　　　

關(guān)鍵詞：壓力鑄造；壓鑄模具；鋅合金鑄件；底盤座

Abstract

    Die-casting molding technology is playing a key role in non-ferrous metal structure forming processes. Die-casting process’s features are the strength and hardness of die casting on high, thin-walled castings with complex shape can be cast, and the production is efficient. The die-casting die is the key for the process of die casting, its quality decides the quality and accuracy of castings, and the design of the die-casting die affects its quality and operating life directly. Therefore, designing the die-casting die is the key to technological progress; it is also an important factor in the development of mold.

　　　Based mainly on parts of the design integrity of the structure and size, it scheme out the required spare parts. Design elements include: design of gating system, forming part design, core-pulling mechanism design, the ejector design and the mold body structure design. According to the shape of features , parts size and accuracy, the author selected the appropriate die casting machine, through the exactly calculate and consult design handbooks, confirm the size and accuracy of the forming part and mold body structure, it also makes particular instruction on the material selection and the requirements of the heat treatment, with theoretical basis, plotting out pictorial drawing and casting drawing of the parts by using computer software to ensure the manufacture of die-casting die.

　　　Based on the datum, use flat side gating system which can reduce pouring molten metal on the impact of cores, it ensure the technological parameter of the mold: the allowance of the casting was 0.1～0.75mm, shrinkage rate was 0.4～0.7﹪, draft angle was 25′～45′. The size of the die-casting mold was 900×640×835mm, which satisfy the space of the die casting machine which is chosen. The core-pulling mechanism of the mold was optional side slider core-pulling mechanism, Introduced organizations selected two push plate. The diameter of the ejector pin with a cylindrical head was 26mm, and was also used as return pin. The stress of the ejector pin was conformance to the requirement by calculate. The simulation by computer shows that the mold works function normally, and it can dexterous and quickly to open.

　　　

Keywords: die casting; die-casting mold; zinc alloy castings; subbase

目    錄

摘   要 I

Abstract II

第1章 緒論 1

1.1課題意義 1

1.1.1 壓力鑄造的特點(diǎn) 1

1.1.2壓鑄模具設(shè)計(jì)的意義 2

1.2壓鑄發(fā)展歷史、現(xiàn)狀及趨勢 2

1.2.1壓鑄的發(fā)展歷史 2

1.2.2我國壓鑄產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展 3

1.2.3壓鑄產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢 4

1.3畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 5

第2章 壓鑄模具的整體設(shè)計(jì) 7

2.1 鑄件工藝性分析 7

2.1.1 鑄件立體圖及工程圖 7

2.1.2 鑄件分型面確定 8

2.1.3 澆注位置的確定 8

2.2 壓鑄成型過程及壓鑄機(jī)選用 9

2.2.1 臥式冷室壓鑄機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu) 9

2.2.2 壓鑄成型過程 10

2.2.3壓鑄機(jī)型號(hào)的選用及其主要參數(shù) 11

2.3 澆注系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 11

2.3.1 帶澆注系統(tǒng)鑄件立體圖 11

2.3.2 內(nèi)澆口設(shè)計(jì) 12

2.3.3 橫澆道設(shè)計(jì) 12

2.3.4 直澆道設(shè)計(jì) 14

2.3.5 排溢系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 14

2.4 壓鑄模具的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 14

第3章 成型零件及斜滑塊結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17

3.1 成型零件設(shè)計(jì)概述 17

3.2澆注系統(tǒng)成型零件設(shè)計(jì) 17

3.3 鑄件成型零件設(shè)計(jì) 19

3.3.1 成型收縮率 19

3.3.2 脫模斜度 20

3.3.3 壓鑄件的加工余量 20

3.3.4鑄件成型尺寸的計(jì)算 20

3.4 成型零件裝配圖 23

3.5 斜滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 24

3.5.1 側(cè)抽芯系統(tǒng)概述 24

3.5.2 斜滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 25

3.5.3 斜滑塊的拼合形式 26

3.5.4 斜滑塊的導(dǎo)滑形式 26

3.5.5 斜滑塊尺寸設(shè)計(jì) 26

3.5.6 斜滑塊抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)表面粗糙度和材料選擇 28

3.5.7 彈簧限位銷設(shè)計(jì) 28

3.5.8 斜滑塊抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)立體圖和裝配圖 28

第4章 推出機(jī)構(gòu)和模體設(shè)計(jì) 30

4.1 推出機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 30

4.1.1 推出機(jī)構(gòu)概述 30

4.1.2 推桿設(shè)計(jì) 30

4.1.3 推板導(dǎo)向及限位裝置設(shè)計(jì) 32

4.1.4 復(fù)位機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 32

4.1.5 推出、復(fù)位零件的表面粗糙度、材料及熱處理后的硬度 34

4.1.6 推出機(jī)構(gòu)裝配工程圖及立體圖 34

4.2 模體設(shè)計(jì) 36

4.2.1 模體設(shè)計(jì)概述 36

4.2.2 模體尺寸 37

4.2.3模板導(dǎo)向的尺寸 37

4.2.4模體構(gòu)件的表面粗糙度和材料選擇 38

4.3 模具總裝圖及工作過程模擬 38

4.3.1 模具總裝立體圖 38

4.3.2 模具工作過程模擬圖 38

第5章 結(jié)論 41

參考文獻(xiàn) 42

致 謝 44

附 錄 45