Period 3 Grammar
【學習目標】了解并掌握-ed做定語及表語
★預習案Previewing Case
Translate the sentences with the past participles from the reading passage and recite them.
① Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London...
② So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
③ John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove...
④ But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.
⑤ Neither its cause, n or its cure was understood.
⑥ He got interested in two theories.
過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示動作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充當________、_______ _、________等成份。本單元僅談其作______和________的用法。

★探究案Ex ploring Case
探究點一：過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況。
1、前置定語:
A類: 被動意義:
an ___________ guest = a __________ guest一位受尊敬的客人
The ___________ workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料。
B類: 完成意義:
a _________ teacher 一位退休的教師
They are cleaning the_________ leaves in the yard.
他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。
總結(jié)：________的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之______, 作前置定語。表示________和________的意義。
2、后置定語：
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
Who were the guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
總結(jié)：過去分詞短語作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之______，作后置定語，作用相當于一個____________。
3、注意： ①如被修飾的詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing ,-one, -body以及thos e等, 分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
He is one of those kidnapped. 他是那些被綁架的 人之一。
你還有什么沒完成的事嗎？
______________________________________________________________?
② 單個分詞也可以作后置定語, 用以強調(diào)動作。?
They decided to change the material used. 他們決定更換使用的材料。
③ 不及物動詞的過去分詞僅表示時間的完成, 無被動意義。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行。
_______ leaves落葉 ______ leaves正在下落的樹葉　 　
a _________ country發(fā)達國家 a ________ country發(fā)展中國家　
the _______ water(涼）開水? the _______ water沸水?

探究點二: 過去分詞作表語
The teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea.
When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.
過去分詞作表語表示主語的_________和_________。
注意：① 作表語的過去分詞，________的意味很弱，主要表示動作的_______和某一_______，相當于一個形容詞。
The boat is broken. The street is crowded.
②表示______的過去分詞：disappointed, excited, surprised, pleased…
表示______的過去分詞：lost, known, married, dressed, gone, drunk…
Later they found that they were lost. The happy time is gone.
常見的作表語的過去分詞：
amused (愉快的)； connected (連接的)； broken (碎了的)； closed (關閉的)； astonished (吃驚的)； covered (覆蓋的)； crowded (擁擠的) ； delighted (高興的)；； dressed ( 穿著的)； drunk (喝 醉的)；experienced (有經(jīng)驗的) ；worried (擔憂的)； interested (感興趣的)； tired (疲勞的)； satisfied (滿意的)； surprised (吃驚的)； married (已婚的)，等
③過去分詞作表語：強調(diào)____________________
被動語態(tài)： 強調(diào)____________________
My glasses are broken. (________)

My glasses were broken by my little daughter. (________)
He was surprised at the news. (________)

I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. (________)

★練習Practice Choose the best answers.
1. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South America. ( MET1990)
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour. (NMET1998)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
3. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
4. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ______ only to people with special knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
5. Hearing loud knocks at the door, Sam got ______ and opened it to find who it was.
A. dressed B. dressing C. dress D. being dressed
6. All people present at the meeting were ______ at the surprising news.
A. to surprise B. surprised C. being surprised D surprise
7. They now have a government, ______ by all the people.
A. having supported B. supporting C. supported D. to be supported
8. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (2000)
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding








Previewing Case
Task 1
Task 2. 過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當表語、定語、狀語等成份。下面僅談..