內(nèi) 容 摘 要

近年來，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得軟件規(guī)模越來越龐大。多單位、多團(tuán)隊(duì)的協(xié)作開發(fā)使得開發(fā)隊(duì)伍的離散化程度增加，多種數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和多種開發(fā)平臺(tái)的應(yīng)用以及軟件需求不確定性的增加，使得軟件開發(fā)過程越來越復(fù)雜，作為軟件過程中的版本控制管理面臨著更多的挑戰(zhàn)，使得單純的版本控制系統(tǒng)在面對(duì)復(fù)雜的開發(fā)環(huán)境時(shí)顯得力不從心。又因?yàn)榘姹究刂剖且豁?xiàng)繁瑣的工作，和整個(gè)軟件的開發(fā)活動(dòng)緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，所以在實(shí)際工作中更需要有得力的工具輔助。從概念上講，軟件項(xiàng)目管理是為了使軟件項(xiàng)目能夠按照預(yù)定的成本、進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量順利完成，而對(duì)成本、人員、進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等進(jìn)行分析和管理的活動(dòng)。實(shí)際上，軟件項(xiàng)目管理的意義不僅僅如此，進(jìn)行軟件項(xiàng)目管理有利于將開發(fā)人員的個(gè)人開發(fā)能力轉(zhuǎn)化成企業(yè)的開發(fā)能力，從而能夠提高軟件開發(fā)的質(zhì)量。那么，隨著軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的崛起，軟件工程技術(shù)正吸引著越來越多關(guān)注的目光，作為軟件工程的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域，版本控制管理也日益受到人們的重視。版本控制工具各有所長(zhǎng)，因而只有根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的預(yù)算和和開發(fā)組織的實(shí)際情況出發(fā)，正所謂“好用就好”。在這里，本人就軟件市場(chǎng)上的主流版本控制工具做一些介紹和個(gè)人的看法。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 軟件項(xiàng)目管理  版本控制管理  版本控制工具的比較

                                      

 

Abstract

In recent years, with the development of network technology and database technology, which makes software more and more large scale. To coordinate the development of multiple units, multiple team gives rise to discrete degree of development team; increase the various development tools, database and a variety of development platform and the software demand uncertainty, making the software development process more complex, as the software development process in the version control management is facing more challenges, making the simple version the control system is powerless in the face of the complex development environment. And because the version control is a tedious work, and the entire software development activities closely together, so in the actual work needs to have the right tools. Conceptually, the software project management is to enable software project according to the scheduled cost, schedule, quality of finish, analysis and management activities on cost, schedule, quality, risks, etc.. In fact, the significance of project management software is not only so, software project management will be conducive to the development of the personal development capabilities into enterprise development capabilities, so as to improve the quality of software development. Then, as the software industry, software engineering technology is attracting more and more attention, as an important field of software engineering, version control management is also increasingly attention. Each one has his good points. Version control tool, and only according to the actual situation of project budget and development organization, is the so-called " good is good ". Here, I have the mainstream version of the software on the market control tool to do some introduction and personal views.

Key word:Software project management  Version control management  Comparison of version contorltools

目   錄

1 版本控制的基本概念 2

1.1什么是版本控制 2

1.2為什么要版本控制 2

2 版本控制的發(fā)展史 3

2.1 第一代配置管理 3

2.2 第二代配置管理 3

2.3 第三代配置管理 4

3 不同“級(jí)別”的版本控制工具 4

3.1 “元老級(jí)”的CCC 4

3.2 RCS[3] 5

3.3 SCCS[4] 5

3.4 “新秀級(jí)”的Hansky Firefly 5

3.5 “入門級(jí)”的Visual SourceSafe 5

3.6 “中堅(jiān)級(jí)”的Clearcase 5

3.7 開源軟件通用的CVS和SVN 6

3.7.1 CVS：Concurrent Versions System 6

3.7.2 SVN：SubVersion 6

4 技術(shù)的潮流大勢(shì)-開源版本工具 8

4.1 選擇開源版本控制工具的理由 8

4.1.1 服務(wù)器端是否和客戶端一樣看起來很美？ 9

4.1.2 服務(wù)器端是否在使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來作版本控制的數(shù)據(jù)引擎？ 9

4.1.3 是否支持到其他版本控制系統(tǒng)的遷移？ 10

4.1.4 可否定制？是否可以對(duì)提交說明（Commit Log）進(jìn)行檢查？ 10

4.1.5 客戶端是如何狀態(tài)保持的？ 10

4.1.6 成本因素 10

4.1.7 客戶確認(rèn)軟件中沒有木馬、間諜軟件么？ 10