基于單片機的交通燈控制器的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)
1.3萬字 33頁
包括原理圖，程序代碼



摘要: 近年來隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，單片機的應(yīng)用正在不斷地走向深入，同時帶動傳統(tǒng)控制檢測日新月異更新。在實時檢測和自動控制的單片機應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中，單片機往往是作為一個核心部件來使用，僅單片機方面知識是不夠的，還應(yīng)根據(jù)具體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，以及針對具體應(yīng)用對象特點的軟件結(jié)合，加以完善。
十字路口車輛穿梭，行人熙攘，車行車道，人行人道，有條不紊。那么靠什么來實現(xiàn)這井然秩序呢？靠的是交通信號燈的自動指揮系統(tǒng)。交通信號燈控制方式很多。本系統(tǒng)采用MSC-51系列單片機Intel8031和可編程并行I/O接口芯片8255A為中心器件來設(shè)計交通燈控制器，實現(xiàn)了能根據(jù)實際車流量通過8031芯片的P1口設(shè)置紅、綠燈燃亮?xí)r間的功能；為了系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定可靠采用了MAX629“看門狗”芯片，避免了系統(tǒng)因為死機而停止工作的情況發(fā)生；顯示時間直接通過8255的PA、PB口輸出；交通燈信號通過PC口輸出；交通燈的點亮采用VT雙向晶閘管來控制，直接采用220V交流電源驅(qū)動，系統(tǒng)實用性強、操作簡單、擴展性強。


關(guān)鍵詞：單片機 交通燈 控制器 設(shè)計 實現(xiàn)



Based on the design of the controler of traffic lights of single flat machine
with realization

TANG Bo
(Grade 2001 ,Computer Science and Technology[Educational direction], College of Mathematics and Computer Science，Chongqing Three Gorges University ，Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000)

Abstract: In recent years along with science and technology develop fast, the application of single flat machine is moving towards thorough continuously, at the same time drive traditional control detection day the benefit of new moon update. In the only flat machine application system of the automatic control and detection of real time, only flat machine is often to use as a key parts, only single flat machine aspect knowledge is insufficient , return should basis specificly hardware structure, as well as aim at the software that applies object characteristic specificly combination, perfect.
Crossroads vehicle wear comb, pedestrian Xi Rang, turn to be all right lane, person pedestrian says , methodically. Do you lean what to realize this orderly order? What lean is that the automatic command system of traffic signal lamp. Traffic signal lamp control way is many . This system adopts MSC-51 series only flat machine Intel8031 with but programming parallel interface chip 8255 A of I/O is central device the design controler of traffic lights, haverealized can measure according to actual wagon flow the P1 installation bonus and green light that passes through 8031 chips burn to light the function of time; For system stabilize reliable have adopted MAX629 the chip " dog looks after the house ", have avoided that system stops working condition because of halting to occur; Show that time is directly exported through PB and PA of 8255; The signal of traffic lights is exported through usually PC mouth; The point of traffic lights light to adopt VT two-way Jing floodgate pipe come to control, directly drive with the alternating current source of 220 V, practicality is strong, operating is simple.



Keywords: Only flat machine Traffic lights Controler Design Realize


目 錄
摘要 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． I
Abstract．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．II
1 引言 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
2 單片機概述 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1
3 芯片的選者與簡介．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
3.1 MSC-51芯片簡介．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
3.2 8255芯片簡介．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
3.3 其他器件．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
4 控制器硬件的設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
4.1交通管理方案論證．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
4.2系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．...6
4.2.1交通燈系統(tǒng)框圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．..6
4.2.2交通燈控制線路圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
4.2.3系統(tǒng)工作原理....................................................8
5控制器的軟件設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
5.1每秒鐘的設(shè)定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
5.2計數(shù)器的硬件延時.....................................................8
5.2.1計數(shù)器初值計算．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
5.2.2計算公式．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
5.2.3設(shè)置1秒的方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
5.2.4相應(yīng)代碼程序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
5.3軟件延時．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9
5.4時間及信號燈的顯示..................................................10
5.4.1 8031并行口擴展．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
5.4.2顯示原理.．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
5.4.3 8255輸出信號的放大..．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
5.4.4 8255輸出信號與信號燈的連接．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
5.4.5 8255與8031的連接．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
5.5程序設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
5.5.1流程圖如圖所示..................................................11
5.5.2 程序源代碼..................................................... 12

6看門狗硬件電路設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．16
6.1軟件看門狗....................................................... 17
6.2硬件看門狗....................................................... 17
7單片機開發(fā)系統(tǒng)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
8實驗平臺．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
8.1實驗平臺...........................................................20
8.2實驗步驟 ..........................................................20
8.3 系統(tǒng)編程信息...................................................... 20
8.3.1 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存分配和I/0接口使用...................................... 21
8.3.2 實驗程序原代碼.................................................. 21
9結(jié)論.．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．......26
10致謝..................................................................26
參考文獻..．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．.．27



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