老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的建立路徑及策略研究

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目錄
第1章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的重要性 1
1.1.2以國家為主體實(shí)施老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的必要性 2
1.2研究目的和意義 2
1.3國內(nèi)外研究綜述 3
第2章 老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的概念及相關(guān)理論 4
2.1老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的概念 4
2.1.1老年護(hù)理的涵義 4
2.1.2老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的涵義 4
2.2老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的內(nèi)容 4
2.2.1老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的服務(wù)類型 5
2.2.3老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的給付標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 5
2.3老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的特征 5
2.3.1多層次滿足護(hù)理需求 5
2.3.2保障具有長期性 6
2.3.3重視保健預(yù)防與重度患者的保障 6
2.4 相關(guān)理論 6
2.4.1 需求及其相關(guān)理論 6
2.4.2 供給及其相關(guān)理論 7
第3章 老年護(hù)理在國內(nèi)的供需狀況分析 7
3.1老年護(hù)理服務(wù)需求分析 7
3.2老年護(hù)理服務(wù)供給分析 10
第4章 國內(nèi)發(fā)展老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的核心內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)思路 11
4.1老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的設(shè)計(jì)原則與實(shí)施主體 11
4.1.1實(shí)施主體 11
4.1.2實(shí)施原則 11
4.2籌資機(jī)制 12
4.2.1籌資模式 12
4.2.2參保對(duì)象 13
4.2.3籌資標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 14
4.3保障水平 14
4.3.1享受條件 14
4.3.2流程設(shè)計(jì) 15
4.3.3補(bǔ)償方式 16
第5章 發(fā)展老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的建議 17
5.1加強(qiáng)相關(guān)法制建設(shè) 17
5.2拓寬資金籌集渠道 17
5.3健全老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)基金的監(jiān)督管理機(jī)制 18
結(jié) 論 19
致謝 20
參考文獻(xiàn) 21

摘要 根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)，一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)內(nèi)，60歲以上人口占該地區(qū)總?cè)丝诘?0%或65歲及以上人口占總?cè)丝?%，即可認(rèn)為該地區(qū)進(jìn)入了老齡化階段。 人口老齡化已逐漸成為全球性的問題，世界各國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展都受到了人口老齡化不同程度的影響。
我國作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，依據(jù)國統(tǒng)局的統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至2012年底，我國人口總數(shù)已達(dá)135404萬人，其中65歲及以上人口達(dá)12714萬人，占總?cè)丝?.39%，顯然我國已進(jìn)入“未富先老”階段，而這個(gè)階段伴隨著的必然是青壯年勞動(dòng)力的缺乏與老年護(hù)理環(huán)節(jié)的短缺。自計(jì)劃生育政策實(shí)施以來，年輕勞力日益縮減，與此同時(shí)，農(nóng)村的傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老模式亦受到很大的削弱。2012年底，全國各地總撫養(yǎng)比達(dá)到42.72%，其間老年撫養(yǎng)比達(dá)19.02%，這表明僅靠傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老模式，子女贍養(yǎng)負(fù)擔(dān)將會(huì)過重，從而難以安心工作。綜上，探討一下老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度極其必要。
當(dāng)前的社會(huì)保障體系中缺乏老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度，因此需要護(hù)理的老人除了依靠家庭養(yǎng)老外，只能求助于養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，而老年護(hù)理的長期性與高消耗性勢必使得養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)高替代率下任然不能滿足老年人需求和醫(yī)療資源的不合理利用等問題，從而加大兩大制度的基金壓力。老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的實(shí)施能夠有效促進(jìn)國內(nèi)護(hù)理產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，滿足老年人的護(hù)理需求。同時(shí)該制度可以緩解養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的基金壓力，健全社會(huì)保障體系，為老年群體的晚年提供護(hù)理保障。因此 研究該制度具有很大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
針對(duì)上述現(xiàn)狀及問題，本文著重研究當(dāng)前國內(nèi)老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)需求與供給狀況，結(jié)合青島市開展老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及教訓(xùn)，提出國內(nèi)發(fā)展老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度的核心內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)思路，為緩解老年護(hù)理供需矛盾提供一條路徑。

關(guān)鍵詞：人口老齡化 老年護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度 社會(huì)保障體系


The Research of the Path and Strategy in Chinese Elderly Care Insurance
Abstract According to the statistics of the United Nations, a country or region, 60 years old population accounts for the population total population in the region of 10% or 65 years old and above accounted for the total population 7%, can say the area into the aging stage. The aging of the population has gradually become a global problem, the world economic and social development are affected by the impact of population aging in different degree.

As a developing country, according to statistics the National Bureau of statistics, as of the end of 2012, the total number of China's population has reached 1354040000 people, including 65 years of age and older population amounts to 127140000 people, accounting for 9.39% of the total population, obviously, China has entered the "old before getting rich" stage, but this stage with the inevitable is green the lack of labor shortage of young and elderly care link. Since the implementation of the family planning policy, the young labour shrinking, at the same time, the rural traditional family pension mode also weakened greatly. By the end of 2012, the country total dependency ratio reaches 42.72%, the elderly dependency ratio of 19.02%, which indicates that the traditional pension model, child maintenance burden would be too heavy, and difficult to work. To sum up, discuss the elderly care insurance system is very necessary.

The lack of elderly care insurance system in the current social security system, so that the elderly in need of care in addition to relying on the family pension, can only resort to the endowment insurance and medical insurance, and long-term and high consumption of the elderly will make high replacement rate of pension insurance unreasonable utilization under still can not meet the demand of the elderly and medical resources, thereby increasing the two institutional fund pressure. The implementation of elderly care insurance system can effectively promote the development of nursing home industry, meet the care needs of the elderly. At the same time, the system can alleviate the endowment insurance and medical insurance fund pressure, improve the social security system, to pr..