刑罰目的淺析

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目錄
摘要 II
Abstract III
引言 1
一、西方歷史上關(guān)于刑罰目的的學(xué)說(shuō) 1
（一）絕對(duì)主義 1
1．狹義的報(bào)應(yīng)主義 1
2．贖罪主義 2
（二）相對(duì)主義 2
1．一般預(yù)防主義 2
2．特別預(yù)防主義 3
3．雙面預(yù)防主義 4
（三）折中主義 5
二、我國(guó)關(guān)于刑罰目的的學(xué)說(shuō) 5
三、對(duì)刑罰目的觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)析 6
（一）特殊預(yù)防與一般預(yù)防 6
（二）一般預(yù)防與特殊預(yù)防的關(guān)系是對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的 7
四、刑罰目的的價(jià)值與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 8
（一）刑罰的價(jià)值 8
1．刑罰目的制約著刑罰的制定 8
2．刑罰目的決定著刑罰的適用 8
3．刑罰目的指導(dǎo)著刑罰的執(zhí)行 8
（二）刑罰目的研究在我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 9
1．寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)刑事政策的涵義 9
2．在和諧社會(huì)發(fā)展前提下寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策的具體貫徹措施 10
結(jié)束語(yǔ) 12
參考文獻(xiàn) 13
致謝詞 14



摘要
刑罰是統(tǒng)治階級(jí)用來(lái)對(duì)付犯罪的一種手段。馬克思指出：“刑罰不外是對(duì)付違反它的生存條件（不管這是些什么條件）的行為的一種自衛(wèi)手段?！笨梢?jiàn)刑罰是以犯罪為前提條件，刑罰是犯罪的法律后果，就是說(shuō)刑罰不僅伴隨著犯罪的產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)生，而且最終將伴隨著犯罪的消滅而消滅。那么，刑罰的目的之一就是為了懲罰犯罪，而且這個(gè)目的一直體現(xiàn)于我國(guó)歷代的刑法之中。隨著社會(huì)的不斷變化與發(fā)展尤其是在提倡創(chuàng)建和諧社會(huì)的社會(huì)主義今日之中國(guó)，簡(jiǎn)單的以懲罰為目的的刑罰目的論已不能再適應(yīng)和諧社會(huì)發(fā)展的要求，刑罰目的論也應(yīng)隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展而不斷變化。在現(xiàn)實(shí)當(dāng)中的人們的一言一行，都是要受著各自的目的的指導(dǎo)，不可能存在沒(méi)有目的的行為，一個(gè)社會(huì)制定、適用和執(zhí)行刑罰也必然的有其目的的指導(dǎo)。作為對(duì)于刑法及法律的實(shí)施的根本保障的刑罰來(lái)說(shuō)，明確其目的更加具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。和諧社會(huì)提倡以人為本，相應(yīng)的在司法過(guò)程中刑罰的程度會(huì)越來(lái)越輕，非刑罰化已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì)。刑罰目的在其本質(zhì)的限制下，可能使刑罰朝著時(shí)代進(jìn)步的方面發(fā)展，如果有其他方法可以減少犯罪的發(fā)生，就不必一定要采取刑罰這種痛苦的方式，這也是創(chuàng)建和諧社會(huì)的要求。因此，在某種犯罪不需要處刑時(shí)，可以考慮免除處罰，在需要使用刑罰的情況下，首先要考慮刑罰目的的需要，即對(duì)社會(huì)的警戒作用，其次考慮報(bào)應(yīng)的要求，以報(bào)應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限定刑罰的程度，從而達(dá)到甚刑、輕刑以適應(yīng)人文和諧的目的。
國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于刑罰目的的學(xué)說(shuō)有很多種不能隨便選擇，因此本文就這些派別分別進(jìn)行淺要分析，并主要通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策的評(píng)析結(jié)合當(dāng)今和諧社會(huì)的要求提出自己的一些不成熟的見(jiàn)解。
關(guān)鍵詞：一般預(yù)防 ， 特殊預(yù)防 ， 寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)


Abstract

Penalty is used against the ruling class as a means of crime. Marx noted: "penalties for violation of no more than it is to deal with the living conditions (whether this is what conditions) of a self-defense means." Foreseeable criminal penalty is the prerequisite conditions, the penalty is the legal consequences of crime, that is, penalties Along with not only a crime arising, and will eventually be accompanied by the elimination and eradication of crime. Then, one of the purposes of punishment is to punish crime, but this has been reflected in China's history of the Penal Code. With the constant changes in society and development especially in the promotion of a harmonious society of socialism in China today, the simple purpose to punish for the purpose of punishment is no longer meet the requirements of the development of a harmonious society, the purpose of penalties should also be as society The development of ever-changing. In the reality of people's words and deeds, are suffering from their own purposes to the guide, could not exist without purpose of the act, a social development, application and enforcement of penalties must also have the purpose of the guide. As for criminal law and the implementation of the law and the fundamental protection of the penalty, the clear purpose of more practical significance. Harmonious society advocated people-oriented, the corresponding penalty in the judicial process in the light of the increasing degree, non-penalty has become a trend. The purpose of the penalty nature of the restrictions, penalties may progress toward the development of the times, if there are other ways to reduce the incidence of crime, would not have to take the penalty for this suffering, this is to create a harmonious society. Therefore, the sentence does not require a crime, could be considered exempted from punishment, penalty in the need to use the circumstances, we must first consider the needs of penalties purpose, namely, the social security role, followed by consideration the requirements of retribution, the standard limit to retribution The level of penalty to achieve substantial sentence, Qingxing harmony to meet the objective of the humanities.
At home and abroad on penalties purpose of the doctrine could not be there are many choices, so this paper, these factions were carried out to shallow analysis, and mainly through the current stage of China's economic Kuanyan of the criminal policies of the current assessment of the requirements of a harmonious society by their own Some immature view.


Keywords ：general prevention ， special prevention ， Jeju of Kuanyan



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