摘 要

軸心軌跡作為旋轉機械的一個重要狀態(tài)特征參量，形象直觀地反應了轉子的實際運動狀況，包含了豐富的旋轉機械故障信息。論文介紹了軸心軌跡測試的現(xiàn)狀，軸心軌跡測試的原理和分析方法。
本文介紹了虛擬儀器的基本原理，虛擬儀器是指在通用計算機上添加一層軟件和一些硬件模塊，使用戶操作這臺通用計算機就像操作一臺自己專門設計的儀器一樣。虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)儀器相比，具有性價比高、開放性、智能化程度高、界面友好等特點。介紹了虛擬儀器的構成，虛擬儀器通常由通用儀器硬件平臺和應用軟件平臺兩大部分構成。虛擬儀器正在高速發(fā)展當中，具有廣闊的發(fā)展空間，虛擬儀器的使用將會越來越多。
本文介紹了虛擬儀器開發(fā)平臺LabVIEW的基本概念，它是一種圖形化的編程語言，具有十分強大的功能。所有的LabVIEW應用程序，即虛擬儀器（VI），它包括前面板、流程圖以及圖標/連結器三部分。
本文介紹了轉子振動的機理和軸心軌跡的基本特性，正常情況下軸心軌跡的形狀和在故障狀態(tài)下軸心軌跡和旋轉機械故障的對應關系。介紹了軸心軌跡測試原理、測試中的初始偏差問題的解決方法以及軸心軌跡分析技術。在軟件部分對信號進行調理，用低通濾波器消除信號中的高頻噪聲信號。
本文在LabVIEW虛擬儀器開發(fā)平臺上開發(fā)出具有信號采集，信號處理及信號實時顯示功能的轉子軸心軌跡分析儀，通過對軸心軌跡的觀察，可以判斷出一些常見的故障。在機械故障診斷技術中，由于軸心軌跡包含了豐富的故障信息，是一種故障診斷的有力工具。


關鍵詞：軸心軌跡，虛擬儀器，LabVIEW，故障診斷


ABSTRACT

Key words： Shaft Centerline Orbit , Virtual Instrument, LabVIEW, fault diagnosis
As an important characteristic state parameter, the orbit of shaft centerline reflects the rotor's running condition intuitively and contains abundant information about rotatory machine fault. This paper introduces the current situation of shaft centerline orbit test, the principle of the test and analyzing method of the orbit.
This paper introduces the basic principles of virtual instrument which means add a layer of software and some hardware module in general-purpose computer to make operation of this general-purpose computer as operation their own designed equipment. Compared with the traditional instruments, virtual instrument systems possess many features like cost-effective, open, high level of intellectuanl ability, user-friendly and so on. The paper also introduces the composition of the virtual instrument, it usually consists of general instrument hardware platforms and application software platform. Virtual instrument are rapidly developing, with broad space for development, the use of virtual machines will be more and more.
This paper presents the basic concepts of virtual instrument development platform LabVIEW, it is a graphical programming language and it is very powerful. All LabVIEW application, that is virtual instrument (VI), includes three parts: front panel, block diagram ,and the flow chart icon / connector.
This paper describes the mechanism of the rotor vibration, the basic characteristics of orbit and under normal circumstances, the corresponding relationship between orbit shape and the rotary mechanical failure. Besides, the principle of orbit testing, the solution of testing the initial error and orbit analysis techniques are also described. On the software part, low pass filter is used to elimionate high-frequency signals in the noise signal.
In this paper, on the basis of LabVIEW virtual instrument development platform, rotor orbit analysis instrument is designed, which possesses three functions: signal acquisition, signal processing and real-time display of signal. Through the observation of the orbit, some common fault can be judged. In mechanical fault diagnosis technology, the orbit contains a wealth of information fault, so it is a powerful tool of fault diagnosis.


目 錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒 論 1
1.1 軸心軌跡測試的意義 1
1.2 軸心軌跡測試的國內外現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3 關于旋轉機械振動監(jiān)測與診斷 2
1.4 本文研究的內容 3
2 虛擬儀器及LabVIEW圖形化編程平臺 4
2.1 虛擬儀器概述 4
2.1.1 虛擬儀器的概念 4
2.1.2 虛擬儀器的構成 5
2.1.3 虛擬儀器的特點及優(yōu)勢 6
2.1.4 國內外虛擬儀器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 6
2.2 LabVIEW圖形化編程平臺 8
2.2.1 LabVIEW的概念 8
2.2.2 LabVIEW應用程序的構成 8
2.2.3 LabVIEW的操作模板 9
2.2.4 LabVIEW的特點 11
2.2.5 LabVIEW編程的優(yōu)勢 12
2.2.6 LabVIEW設計虛擬儀器的方法 12
3 轉子振動的機理及軸心軌跡特征 14
3.1 轉子振動的基本特性 14
3.2 轉子正常工作時的軸心軌跡特征 15
3.3 轉子常見故障原因及其軸心軌跡特征 15
3.3.1轉子不平衡 15
3.3.2轉子不對中 17
3.3.3轉子彎曲 18
3.3.4油膜渦動與油膜振蕩 19
3.3.5轉子碰摩 20
3.3.6轉軸裂紋 21
3.3.7轉子支撐部件松動 22
4 軸心軌跡測試原理及分析技術 24
4.1 軸心軌跡測試原理 24
4.2 軸心軌跡測試中的初始偏差問題 25
4.3 軸心軌跡分析技術 26
5 軸心軌跡分析儀的設計 30
5.1總體設計 30
5.1.1 系統(tǒng)組成結構 30
5.1.2 系統(tǒng)硬件的總體設計 30
5.1.3 軸心軌跡的概念 31
5.1.4 分析軸心軌跡的方法 31
5.2 信號采集方案 32
5.2.1傳感器的選擇 33
5.2.2數(shù)據(jù)采集卡的選擇 38
5.2.3軸心軌跡測試臺的設計 39
5.3 系統(tǒng)軟件設計 41
6 總結 45-..