摘 要
中小型企業(yè)信息化內(nèi)涵與大型企業(yè)無(wú)本質(zhì)區(qū)別，但相對(duì)于大型企業(yè)而言，中小型企業(yè)技術(shù)與資金相對(duì)短缺，使得相對(duì)成熟的大型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不能完全適應(yīng)于中小型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)，面對(duì)越來(lái)越大的中小型企業(yè)信息化需求，如何設(shè)計(jì)一種適合中小型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程模式成為了迫切需要解決的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。
雖然適合中小型企業(yè)信息化開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程的GRAPPLE和XP已經(jīng)相對(duì)成熟，但單純地使用GRAPPLE和XP中的任何一種方法其局限都較明顯，不能較好地滿足客戶的需求，為了將GRAPPLE的用例驅(qū)動(dòng)、以開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程構(gòu)架為中心和迭代式設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)的特點(diǎn)同XP的溝通高效、設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單、反饋迅速等特點(diǎn)相結(jié)合，本文詳細(xì)分析了GRAPPLE和XP的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及各自在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)中存在的局限性，通過(guò)對(duì)二者之間主要問(wèn)題的研究，引入了一個(gè)以GRAPPLE開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合XP方法若干思想的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程。GRAPPLE和XP融合的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程采用迭代式開(kāi)發(fā)方法，以架構(gòu)為中心，采納XP結(jié)對(duì)編程、客戶參與、反饋及時(shí)的思想，將GRAPPLE和XP的優(yōu)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用在各自最擅長(zhǎng)的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，并有效結(jié)合，規(guī)避各自在單獨(dú)使用時(shí)的局限。針對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的GRAPPLE結(jié)合XP的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程，本文還提出了一個(gè)基于JAVAEE框架技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)模式。
最后，作者在所負(fù)責(zé)的一項(xiàng)CRM應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，依據(jù)所設(shè)計(jì)的GRAPPLE和XP結(jié)合的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃，同時(shí)和其他開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，對(duì)比結(jié)論有效印證了GRAPPLE和XP結(jié)合的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程應(yīng)用在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目中的有效性。

關(guān)鍵詞：軟件工程；GRAPPLE；XP；信息化; JAVAEE JSH

Abstract
Informatization connotation between Small-medium enterprise and large-enterprise is not essential difference, but comparison with the large companies, small-medium enterprise technology and the fund is relative shortage. relative mature large-enterprise information system development experience can't completely adapted to the small- medium enterprise information system development. we are facing more and more small-medium enterprise information needs, and how to design a kind of suitable information system development mode for small-medium enterprise become the urgent need to address the real problem.
Although suitable informatization development process GRAPPLE and XP for small -medium enterprise have been relatively mature, but simply using any of the GRAPPLE and XP can't satisfy the needs of customers,because the limitations of GRAPPLE and XP is more apparent.This paper analyzes the advantages of GRAPPLE and XP in the actual project development respectively, through the research of the limitations of GRAPPLE and XP, the author introduces a GRAPPLE with development process, combined with XP method.GRAPPLE with XP development process has some highlights: iterative type development methodthe ,achitecture center,XP programming,customer participation, feedback timely thought.the whole system will be divided into several subsystems system, according to the specific circumstances of each subsystem use GRAPPLE with the best practice and XP, so it use GRAPPLE and XP key practice application in the most good at field and avoid the limitations of any other of GRAPPLE and XP.In order to make GRAPPLE with XP development process to adapt to the development of small-medium enterprises in information well, this paper also puts forward a technology development mode based on JAVAEE framework .
In this paper, the author analyse a CRM application system which the author joined，according to GRAPPLE with XP development process for the project development planning. At the same time comparing with other development process, showing the contrast of the combination of the XP GRAPPLE and development process in the application effect of actual project.
Key words: Software Engineering;GRAPPLE;XP; informatization; JAVAEE JSH

目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract 1
目錄 - 1 -
Contents 1
第1章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景、目的和意義 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究目的及意義 2
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究概況 2
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 5
1.2.3發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 7
1.3 本文研究?jī)?nèi)容與方法 7
1.3.1 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 7
1.3.2 技術(shù)路線 7
1.3.3 研究方法 8
1.3.4 論文框架 8
1.4 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 9
第2章 論文研究的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ) 10
2.1傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程 10
2.1.1 瀑布模型（Waterfall Model） 10
2.1.2快速原型模型（Rapid Prototype Model） 11
2.1.3螺旋模型（Spiral Model） 11
2.2現(xiàn)代開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程 12
2.2.1 RUP模型 12
2.2.2 GRAPPLE模型 13
2.2.3極限編程XP簡(jiǎn)析. 15
2.3本章小結(jié) 22
第3章 基于GRAPPLE和XP的中小型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程模式設(shè)計(jì) 23
3.1中小型企業(yè)信息化的特點(diǎn) 23
3.2中小型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的需求分析 23
3.2.1中小企業(yè)信息化面臨的問(wèn)題 23
3.2.2中小型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的需求 24
3.3GRAPPLE和XP對(duì)中小型企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的支持分析 24
3.3.1GRAPPLE的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及局限性 24
3.3.2XP的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及局限性 25
3.4 基于GRAPPLE和XP過(guò)程結(jié)合的信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程模式 27
3.3.1 GRAPPLE和XP的對(duì)比分析 27
3.3.2 GRAPPLE和XP的結(jié)合的可行性分析研究 28
3.3.3 GRAPPLE結(jié)合XP的信息系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)方案設(shè)計(jì) 29
3.5本章小結(jié) 34
第4章 基于JAVAEE SSH框架的開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)模式設(shè)計(jì) 36
4.1GRAPPLE和XP開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)的要求 36
4.2適合GRAPPLE和XP開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程的框架分析 37
4.2.1開(kāi)發(fā)框架的分析 37
4.2.2 JAVAEE框架分析 38
4.3適合GRAPPLE和XP開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程的框架選擇 40
4.3.1 表示層框..