摘要

本課題來源于某大型企業(yè)汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組的實(shí)際項(xiàng)目，課題主要針對(duì)汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組多種狀態(tài)下的振動(dòng)信號(hào)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析并以此設(shè)計(jì)一套簡(jiǎn)易汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組振動(dòng)信號(hào)在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)得機(jī)組運(yùn)行參數(shù)，監(jiān)視電機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，以提高系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性、安全性，并能為更進(jìn)一步的測(cè)控處理提供基礎(chǔ)。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)包括了傳感器、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡、運(yùn)用Visual C++編寫的軟件等。系統(tǒng)完成了數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)處理，給出了數(shù)據(jù)顯示波形，初步驗(yàn)證了該設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。
本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：
① 分析了當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外汽輪機(jī)監(jiān)視儀表系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，討論了汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組各種故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)特點(diǎn)以及當(dāng)前大型旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的故障信號(hào)常用采集方法，提出了汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組振動(dòng)信號(hào)在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的方案。
② 根據(jù)某大型企業(yè)汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組的實(shí)際項(xiàng)目以及環(huán)境狀況，設(shè)計(jì)了合理的具有數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、在線監(jiān)測(cè)模塊以及報(bào)警模塊三大功能模塊總圖。
③ 該系統(tǒng)采用了SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)，對(duì)系統(tǒng)信息、設(shè)備信息、采樣數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了有效管理；針對(duì)各種不同的采集方式采用了統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)格式，充分利用了關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的約束機(jī)制，達(dá)到了數(shù)據(jù)的一致性和完整性。
④ 該系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用Visual C++6.0進(jìn)行軟件編程，實(shí)現(xiàn)汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組的振動(dòng)信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)采集、在線監(jiān)測(cè)以及故障報(bào)警功能。



關(guān)鍵詞：汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組，振動(dòng)信號(hào)，在線監(jiān)測(cè)



ABSTRACT

This topic comes from a large group of enterprises Turbo Blower actual project, the main topic for a variety of Turbo Blower Group under the vibration characteristics of signal analysis and to design a simple vibration signals Turbo Blower Group on-line monitoring system, Real-time measurement unit in the operating parameters, monitor the motor running, to enhance the reliability and security of the system，and it will further provide the basis for monitoring treatment. The whole system, includes sensors, signal processing circuit, data acquisition cards, use of Visual C + + and so on. This system achieves data collection, data signal processing, display of wave, preliminary validate the feasibility of the design.
The main study of this paper is as follows:
① This thesis analysis the advantages and disadvantages of Turbine Supervisory Instrumentation, discusses the various characteristics of the vibration signal failures of Turbo Blower group and the fault signal commonly used method of collection current large-scale rotating machinery, brings forward Turbo Blower Group vibration signals on-line monitoring system Programme.
② According to the actual project and the state of the environment of Turbo Blower in a large enterprise group, this thesis designs three major functional modules map including a data acquisition module, on-line monitoring and alarm modules module.
③ This system manages system information, equipment information and sampling data effectively using SQL Server technique of database. With this technique, the author applies uniform data forms for different collection modes and utilizes restraint mechanism of relational database to achieve consistency and completeness of data.
④ This system uses Visual C + +6.0 for application software programming, it achieves vibration signals data acquisition, fault-line monitoring and alarm functions of Turbo Blower Group.


Key words：Turbo Blower Group, Vibration signals, Online Monitoring


目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究目的及意義 1
1.1.1 目的 1
1.1.2 意義 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 傳感器使用現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3 本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容 5
1.4 本章小節(jié) 5
2 汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組故障分析 6
2.1 汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組的結(jié)構(gòu)特征 6
2.2 汽輪鼓風(fēng)機(jī)組典型振動(dòng)故障 7
2.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡故障的振動(dòng)特點(diǎn)分析 7
2.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)靜碰磨故障的振動(dòng)特點(diǎn)分析 11
2.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)子不對(duì)中故障的振動(dòng)特點(diǎn)分析 13
2.2.4 油膜渦動(dòng)與油膜振蕩故障的振動(dòng)特點(diǎn)分析 14
2.3 本章小節(jié) 16
3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.1 系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 17
3.2 測(cè)點(diǎn)位置分析 17
3.2.1 振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的選取 17
3.2.2 具體故障測(cè)點(diǎn)的選取 17
3.3 傳感器的選取 20
3.3.1 壓電式傳感器 20
3.3.2 電渦流式傳感器 20
3.3.3 電感式位移傳感器 21
3.4 A/D卡的選取 21
3.5 中間環(huán)節(jié)的確定 22
3.5.1 放大器 22
3.5.2 濾波器 22
3.6 本章小節(jié) 23
4 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.1 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.2 采集模塊設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.3 功能模塊設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.3.1 在線監(jiān)測(cè)模塊 24
4.3.2 傳感器靈敏度修正模塊 24
4.3.3 報(bào)警模塊 26
4.4 實(shí)例分析 26
4.5 本章小節(jié) 28
5 結(jié)論與展望 29
6 致謝 30
參考文獻(xiàn)