青島市農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口綠色貿(mào)易壁壘問題探析

Analysis of green trade barriers toward Qingdao agricultural exports problem 

摘 要

近年來，隨著關(guān)稅壁壘的日益減少，西方發(fā)達國家廣泛使用綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口起到了一個限制作用，并且越來越嚴重。他們利用綠色貿(mào)易壁壘其名義上的合理性、形式上的合法性、手段上的隱蔽性等特點作為保護本國利益的重要手段，其實他們無外乎是想利用貿(mào)易保護主義策略來達到限制進口的目的。 

自從中國加入世貿(mào)組織以來，得到了很多機遇但同時也面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)。對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口來說，中國面臨更多的則是挑戰(zhàn)。最大的挑戰(zhàn)就是綠色貿(mào)易壁壘給農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口帶來的猛烈沖擊。由于中國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不足，發(fā)達國家利用這點，制訂針對性較強的技術(shù)壁壘來限制中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口。許多發(fā)達國家在國際貿(mào)易中設(shè)立綠色壁壘，使得發(fā)展中國家長期處于初級產(chǎn)品和自然資源的提供者地位，而且使得發(fā)展中國家的出口市場縮小，成為污染轉(zhuǎn)移的場所。但是為了全球的持續(xù)發(fā)展，在必須國際貿(mào)易中引入法律來約束、懲治污染和破壞環(huán)境的現(xiàn)象。綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的存在，反應(yīng)了國際環(huán)境斗爭的復(fù)雜性，也就是發(fā)達國家與發(fā)展中國家在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的過程中產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任和利益分配問題。本文通過對綠色貿(mào)易壁壘和青島外貿(mào)發(fā)展的綜合分析與闡釋，論證綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對青島出口貿(mào)易的影響。通過積極應(yīng)對綠色貿(mào)易壁壘，促進青島出口貿(mào)易的健康發(fā)展，是本文的研究意義之所在。 

關(guān)鍵詞：綠色貿(mào)易壁壘；農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口貿(mào)易；世界貿(mào)易組織；

Abstract

In recent years, with the tariff barrier is increasingly reduced, the western developed countries the extensive use of green trade barriers on exports of agricultural products play a limited role, and more and more serious.They make use of green trade barriers to its nominal rationality, legitimacy in form, the means by which concealment as the important means to protect national interests, they all want to use trade protectionism policy for the purpose of restricting import.   

Since China joined the WTO, to get a lot of opportunities but also faces many challenges.On the export of agricultural products, China is faced with more it is a challenge.The biggest challenge is the green trade barrier to the export of agricultural products to bring severe impact.Because of China's agricultural product quality is insufficient, the developed countries use this, make better direction of technical barriers to limit China's agricultural product export. Many developed countries in international trade in establishing the green barriers, makes the developing countries are in a long time primary products and natural resource providers position, and make developing countries export market narrowed, become pollution of the transfer of the place. But in order to global sustainable development, international trade in the introduction of the law must be to restrain, punishing pollution and damage to the environment phenomenon. The existence of the green trade barriers, the response of the international environment of the complexity of the struggle, also is the developed countries and the developing countries in the course of economic development and distribution of interests from the responsibility. This article through to the green trade barriers and Qingdao foreign trade development, the comprehensive analysis and interpretation, demonstrate, green trade barriers on the influence of Qingdao export trade. Through to actively respond to the green barriers to trade, and to promote the healthy development of Qingdao export trade, is the meaning of the.

Keywords: The green trade barriers; Farm product export trade; The world trade  organization; 

一、綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的概述 1

（一）綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的理念 1

（二）綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的特點和表現(xiàn)形式 1

二、綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對我國進出口貿(mào)易的影響 2

（一）對產(chǎn)品出口市場范圍的影響 2

（二）對產(chǎn)品出口增長速度的影響 2

三、青島農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口遭遇綠色貿(mào)易壁壘現(xiàn)狀介紹 3

四、青島農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口遭遇綠色貿(mào)易壁壘原因分析 4

（一）外部因素 4

（二）內(nèi)部因素 5

五、綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對青島農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口的“雙刃”效應(yīng) 6

（一）綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對青島農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口的有利影響 6

（二）綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對青島農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口的負面影響 7

六、青島應(yīng)對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口中的綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的對策 8

（一）政府層面對綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的對策 8

（二）企業(yè)層面對綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的對策 9

（三）公眾層面對綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的對策 10

致  謝 12

參考文獻 13