微型轎車安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)設計

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目 錄
第一章 安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)的研究……………………………………………5
1.1 安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)的內容和意義…………………………………………5
1.2 國內外發(fā)展狀況……………………………………………………………6
1.2．1 國外發(fā)展概況……………………………………………………………6
1.2．2 國內發(fā)展概況……………………………………………………………6
1.3 安全氣囊新技術和發(fā)展趨勢………………………………………………7
第二章 安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)總體設計方案…………………………………7
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設計要求…………………………………………………………7
2.2 系統(tǒng)總體設計結構框圖……………………………………………………8
2.3 設計特色與創(chuàng)新……………………………………………………………8
第三章 安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路設計…………………………………9
3.1 信號采集……………………………………………………………………9
3.1．1 加速度信號的采集………………………………………………………9
3.1．2 速度信號的采集…………………………………………………………10
3.2 單片機………………………………………………………………………12
3.3 復位電路……………………………………………………………………14
3.4 外部晶振電路………………………………………………………………14
3.5 自診報警電路………………………………………………………………15
3.6 電源電路……………………………………………………………………16
3.7 串行通訊……………………………………………………………………17
3.8 點火控制電路………………………………………………………………18
結論…………………………………………………………………………………19
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………20
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………21



摘要： 安全氣囊是一種被動安全裝置,是汽車乘員輔助保護系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。當汽車遭蔃@遄駁賈魯鄧偌本綾浠?，安全气囊褩U倥蛘停惺懿⒒撼寮菔輝� 或乘員頭部與身體上部和膝蓋部位的慣性力，從而達到保護乘客的目的。安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)主要由傳感器、控制器、氣體發(fā)生器和氣囊組成。當汽車遭受碰撞導致車速急劇變化時,傳感器將感知到的碰撞信號傳輸給點火控制器,控制器對碰撞的程度進行識別,決定是否發(fā)出點火信號,一旦確認發(fā)出點火信號,氣體發(fā)生器將在很短的時間內產生大量的氣體,氣囊迅速膨脹,在駕駛員、乘員與車內構件之間迅速鋪墊一個氣墊,使駕駛員、乘員頭部與胸部壓在充滿氣體的氣囊上,利用氣囊的阻尼作用來吸收人體慣性力產生的動能,從而減輕人體遭受傷害的程度。本設計采用帶微處理器與數據存儲的智能控制系統(tǒng). 使用單片機對傳感器測得的信號進行計算,認為發(fā)生了碰撞且達到一定強度時,輸出點火脈沖引爆氣體發(fā)生器,迅速產生大量氣體充滿氣囊。本次設計的安全氣囊控制系統(tǒng)由微處理器單片機，測速度的霍爾電路，加速度計電路，自診報警電路，電源電路，復位電路，串行通訊電路，點火控制電路等組成，整體電路原理圖將通過Altium軟件呈現出來。

關鍵詞：安全氣囊 單片機 控制系統(tǒng) 電路


The design of minicar’s airbag control system
Abstract： Airbag is a passive safety device, it is a important part of.automotive occupant auxiliary protection system. When the car suffer a collision resulting in dramatic changes in the speed, the airbag will expand rapidly , withstand and buffer to the driver or the occupant's head and upper body with the inertia force of the knee, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting passengers. Airbag control system consists of sensors, controllers, gas generators and air sacs. When the car suffered a collision resulting in dramatic changes in the speed, the sensor will sense the collision signal to the ignition controller. Controller will identify the extent of the collision to determine whether the ignition signal is issued, once given the ignition signal, the generator will generate a large amount of gas of gas in a very short period of time, the airbag will expand rapidly and put a cushion between the driver and the vehicle component., so that the driver, passenger's head and chest filled with gas pressure in the airbag, the airbag use the damping effect to absorb the kinetic energy of the inertial force generated by the human body in order to reduce the degree of injury suffered. The design uses a intelligent control system with a microprocessor and data storage. Using MCU to calculate the measured signal from sensors, when the collision occurred and reaches a certain intensity, it will export the ignition pulse to detonate gas generator and produce large amounts of gas filled balloon rapidly. The airbag control system designed consists of a microprocessor, Hall circuit , accelerometer circuit, self-diagnosis alarm circuit, power supply circuit, reset circuit, serial communication circuit, and ignition control circuit etc. The overall picture of circuit theory will be presented by software of Altium.

Key words : Airbags MCU Control system Electric circuit